Aug 2026· Ijtimoiy-gumanitar sohada ilmiy-innovatsion tadqiqotlar· Vol 3, pp. 13-18· 0 citations
Abstract
The transition of Uzbekistan to a market economy and its integration into global economic networks have driven an intensive influx of economic terminology into the Uzbek language, predominantly from two donor languages — Russian and English. This article examines the lexical-semantic features that accompany the assimilation of such borrowed economic terms into the recipient language. Drawing on a corpus of approximately 450 economic term units compiled from lexicographic sources, specialized textbooks, normative-legal texts and contemporary economic media, the study applies descriptive-comparative, componential and definitional-contextual analysis to trace how meaning is restructured during borrowing. The findings distinguish four principal source strata — direct English borrowings, Russian-mediated internationalisms, direct Russian borrowings and calques built from native material — and identify five recurrent semantic-adaptation mechanisms: full semantic transfer, semantic narrowing, semantic widening, semantic shift and loan translation. Particular attention is given to synonymic doublets and triplets in which native, Russian and English designations compete and undergo stylistic and functional redistribution, and to the polysemy and homonymy generated by multi-channel borrowing. The results demonstrate that economic borrowing in Uzbek is not a mechanical transfer of labels but a systematic semantic reorganization governed by donor-language chronology, register and the word-formation resources of the recipient language.
This study investigates how computational linguistics terminology performs communicative and pragmatic functions in English and Uzbek scientific discourse. It adopts an exploratory qualitative comparative design and analyzes 21 English-Uzbek term entries representing core concepts in natural language processing, machine translation, corpus linguistics, and contemporary language-model research. The terms are classified according to their principal transfer strategy—international borrowing, calque or hybrid formation, and descriptive or competing translation—and are then interpreted in relation to precision, economy, audience accessibility, conceptual transparency, and compatibility with international research. The analysis shows that the contrast between the two languages is not adequately described as a simple opposition between concise English terms and explanatory Uzbek terms. Instead, Uzbek terminology operates through a layered system in which internationalisms such as token, parser, and transformer coexist with transparent formations such as tabiiy tilni qayta ishlash and so‘z turkumlarini belgilash. First-mention glossing, parallel use of English forms, and hybrid constructions function as pragmatic resources for managing differences in specialist knowledge. The paper argues that future standardization should be evidence-based, concept-oriented, and sensitive to actual disciplinary usage. It also proposes practical principles for building a stable Uzbek terminology resource for computational linguistics.
This paper is focused on the problem of overcoming macro-typological asymmetry in translating texts from Russian into Arabic and from Arabic into Russian. The paper is dedicated to a comprehensive study of the mechanisms of cross-linguistic meaning transfer in cases where direct transfer (transcoding) proves impossible due to structural interference. Particular attention is paid to the deconstruction of complex verbal phrases, metaphorical expressions, and culture-specific vocabulary in the absence of direct dictionary equivalents. The aim of the research is to develop a comprehensive formal model of linguistic-semantic and syntactic transformations for the Russian-Arabic language pair based on dependency grammars, utilizing the empirical data of parallel text corpora. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that, for the first time, the mechanisms for overcoming lexical-syntactic lacunarity between typologically distant languages (such as demetaphorisation, cross-part-of-speech transposition (recategorization), and syntactic reconfiguration) are presented in the form of computable syntactic dependency trees based on a parallel macrotext. Furthermore, the applied potential of Russian-Arabic parallel arrays is substantiated for the first time by applying the principle of corpus triangulation to identify translation patterns. As a result, the key text adaptation strategies (nominal, semantic, and explicative) were identified and systematized. The results obtained showed that achieving pragmatic equivalence is algorithmically impossible without the structural expansion or reduction of the source graph, and that the use of corpora safeguards the translator from subjective deviations and the phenomenon of "translationese".
Dawood Jaafar Al, Borisovna Kozerenko Elena· Philology. Theory & Prac...· 0 citations
Rapid intensification of English-language scientific communication highlights natural sciense discourse as the primary medium for knowledge verification and transfer. This collective monograph addresses the internal dynamics of modern science, focusing on the systemic-structural, cognitive-semantic, non-verbal, and genre-stylistic parameters of contemporary English scientific and popular science discourse across interdisciplinary and digital contexts, primarily based on the material of natural sciences.
The study aims to comprehensively analyze how scientific knowledge is represented and communicated across multiple levels, treating from the phonological features to genre specifications to ensure a complete semantic account of discourse.
The central focus is placed on written short-form genres, alongside emerging digital hybrids, and a thorough analysis of visual-graphic non-verbal codes in written scientific communication. Special attention is paid to the lexico-semantic level, particularly the mechanisms of terminological synonymy and antonymy within natural sciences (specifically the geographical domain), as well as the functional role of slang and non-standard language in popular science texts. Furthermore, the research structures the conceptual field GEOGRAPHICAL SPACE to demonstrate how spatial realities are mentally organized in natural science discourse.
The findings offer practical applications for university courses in lexicology, academic writing, and cognitive linguistics, as well as for ESP syllabus design, textbook development, and teaching methodologies for students of natural science faculties.
Julia Babchuk, Kateryna Mehela, T. Myzyn et al.· 0 citations
The paper explores the adaptation of lexical borrowings through the lens of two modes of world construal: entity-based and process-based. The study focuses on English and Korean, a language pair marked by intensive contact while being rooted in distinct cultural backgrounds. The analysis draws on borrowed lexical items selected from lexicographic sources, including the Standard Korean Language Dictionary , the Urimalsaem Dictionary , Merriam-Webster , and English-language dictionaries of Korean popular culture, as well as data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the Korea University Korean Corpus . Special attention is given to part-of-speech shifts that occur when lexical items are borrowed from one language into the other, regarding their nominal or verbal status in particular. To clarify how individual lexemes are transformed in the recipient language, the study also examines the borrowing of English -ing forms, using a sample of 152 headlines from South Korean news media. The findings show, first, that the ratio of borrowed verbs to borrowed nouns in Korean is generally much higher than in English. Second, English borrowings in Korean often undergo a noun-to-verb shift. Third, English -ing is often attached to Korean nominal stems to enhance processual meaning. Taken together, these patterns suggest that the assimilation of English borrowings into Korean involves strengthening of processual meaning. This trend appears to be linked to a broader contrast between the more entity-oriented world construal in English-speaking culture and the more process-oriented construal associated with Korean culture, as it has been noted by some scholars. The authors conclude that the adaptation of lexical borrowings is shaped not only by the structural properties of the languages involved or by language policy, but also by more general ways in which different languages and cultures construe the world.
O. Iriskhanova, T. S. Mozol· Voprosy Kognitivnoy Lingvist...· 0 citations
. The article examines the lexico-semantic structure and translation of U.S. Navy rank titles within the NATO OF/OR framework into Polish and Ukrainian. The study is motivated by the growing importance of naval interoperability, defence terminology standardisation, and precise multilingual communication in NATO-related contexts. In contemporary multinational military cooperation, rank terminology functions not only as a lexical category but also as an operational instrument that ensures clarity of hierarchy, authority, and institutional role. The research demonstrates that NATO rank codes facilitate cross-national comparison, yet they do not eliminate semantic asymmetry between national rank systems, since these systems remain embedded in distinct military traditions, legal frameworks, and historical naming conventions. The article analyses the semantic composition of English naval rank titles, paying particular attention to their hierarchical, functional, and institutional components. English titles often contain explicit markers of rank progression and authority, such as petty officer, chief, senior chief, commander, and admiral, whose meanings are not always directly transferable into other languages. Through comparative analysis, the study reveals that Polish and Ukrainian equivalents display different degrees of terminological correspondence. Polish tends to
P. Hubych, Nataliia Svydnytska-Ilkiv, Nataliia Fihura· Вісник науки та освіти· 0 citations
Phraseological units determine the unique lexical narratives and linguistic identity of each language, which is a unique set of structural, functional and cultural features that distinguish one language from another, form its identity and provide its speakers with a sense of belonging to a certain community. Phraseological units in the context of use in business Ukrainian are considered from the position of stable word combinations that contribute to accuracy, brevity, officiality of documents and business communication. The study focuses on the analysis of the stylistics of phraseological units in modern business speech and academic writing. It was found that the main phraseological units of the studied category include clichés, lexicalized compounds and terminological names that focus on a specific subject and avoid excessive emotionality. Typical phraseological units used in academic writing are analyzed: terminological names of phenomena or concepts, nomenclature names, proper book phraseological units, lexicalized compounds and compound terminological names. The article substantiates that phraseological units in academic writing primarily implement informative, nominative and imperative functions. It is proven that in academic writing of the Ukrainian language slang, colloquial and emotionally colored phraseological units are practically not used, while the key emphasis is on clericalisms and clichés. The main stylistic features are defined as terminology, lack of expression, standardization and the predominance of stable word combinations of book vocabulary. It is substantiated that in academic writing phraseological units are used extremely rarely, and idioms are practically excluded from use. In addition, it is noted that business discourse has formed a system of its own phraseological units. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it summarizes the important importance of phraseological units for academic writing, taking into account the ability of phraseological units to replace one-word verbs, which gives greater clarity, formality and brevity to speech and documents, and helps to avoid emotional coloring of discourse.
A. Taranenko, N. Konoplenko, L. Sulima· Folia Philologica· 0 citations