Quantifying human variability in pediatric bone age assessment: a multi-institutional multi-reader study and benchmark for AI evaluation.

Jin Long David B. Larson H. H. Thodberg Peter Thrane M. Phung Cicero T. Silva N. Lall A. Towbin Sanjay P. Prabhu Curtis P. Langlotz S. Gatidis

Sep 2026 · Pediatric Radiology · 0 citations · 18 references

Medicine

TL;DR

Pediatric bone age assessment using the Greulich and Pyle method demonstrates measurable human reader variability, particularly in younger children and male patients, and provides a quantitative benchmark for interpreting AI performance in skeletal maturity assessment.

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