Aug 2026· World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews· Vol 31, pp. 862-872· 0 citations
Abstract
Prefixation is a morphological process which studies how morphemes are affixed in the beginning of their host words for either grammatical functions or for lexical expansion and derivation. This paper investigates aspects of the grammar of prefixation in English and Igbo Languages. It adopts a comparative theoretical framework, so as to identify the morphological similarities and difference in both languages. It also adopts the qualitative design, which gives the description of the data the way they are. The paper adopts both a primary and secondary methods of data collections. The primary data were basically from the native speaker’s competence, the researcher who is a speaker of the Igbo language supplied the necessary data. The secondary data were sourced from textual materials. The analysis shows grammatical and functional similarities and dissimilarities in both languages, as well derivative similarities and dissimilarities in both languages. Prefixes are used in both languages to derive new words, change word classes, but Igbo in additions realise grammatical functions with prefixes. The study of prefixation in both languages greatly reveals common universal principles of human language and at the same time, parametric variations in the languages, showing their uniqueness. The study concludes that prefixation in both languages are morphologically productive, being inflectional in the Igbo language; derivational flexible in both languages, and can as well perform different linguistic functions in both languages. The study notes the selective nature of the paper on instances of prefixation in both languages because of space, and thus, recommends an expanded investigation of the topic; and comparative investigation of other related morphological concepts, such as infixation, interfixation and suffixation in English and Igbo.
Nowadays, the increasing use of English words combined with Indonesian affixes in digital communication has given rise to a unique form of linguistic innovation that reflects the interaction between the local and global language. This research aims to analyze how Indonesian affixes influence the morphological structure and semantic meaning of English words which are used in digital communication. This research uses qualitative descriptive to analyze 45 lexical items found from Instagram and YouTube comment sections. The data selected from real online interactions containing English words attached to Indonesian affixes. Data were analyzed by following four stages, such as data reduction, classification, interpretation, and conclusion. The findings show that the Indonesian suffix -nya is the most frequently used representing 66.67% of the collected data, followed by the prefixes di-, ke-, nge-, ter-, se-, and the suffix -an. These affixes modify English words by adapting them to Indonesian grammatical structures while preserving or extending their meanings. Unlike previous studies that primarily examined English-Indonesian lexical borrowing through corpus data or magazine texts, this study contributes new insights by examining the morphological and semantic adaptation of English lexical items in spontaneous digital interactions on Instagram and YouTube. The research determines that Indonesian-English hybrid expressions showcase linguistic innovation, facilitate efficient digital interaction, and exemplify the active development of bilingual language usage in modern Indonesian online conversations.
- This work presented a contrastive syntactic analysis of English and Khana clause structures in order to identify their ground similarities and differences that define the syntactic organization of the two languages. English is the most spoken world language with much attention given to it by linguists. Khana as one of the indigenous languages of Nigeria has not been particularly described at the syntactic level. As its major theoretical framework, Robert Lado’s Contrastive Analysis Theory was used while behavioral theory informed the use made of Chomsky’s Minimalist Program. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using forty clause structures which consists of simple, copound, complex and complexcampaound sentences selected purposively from both languages and then rendered in the corresponding Khana translation. The study revealed that both English and Khana language have common features as to basic syntactic pattern such as Subject Verb-Object (SVO) sentence and clause structures. There are however, several congurational differences between them in the areas of subject verb agreement, tense/aspect markers, clause linkers, the strategies of relativization and realization of subordinate constructions leading to some of the English syntactic challenges encountered by Nigerian Anglophones and indeed all speakers of Khana as a second language. It was observed therefore that English share common structural universalities with other languages and marked differences under certain structures that make the two languages unique. Based on the findings, the paper recommends, the use of contrastive linguistics in the teaching of English language, curriculum design, translation and further describe and classifying of other indigenous Nigerian languages.
Muele-Gabriel Ewonu, Florence Nne Agwu· Iconic research and engineer...· 0 citations
In this paper, we are exclusively concerned with the part of grammar that deals with the structure of sentences. This is called syntax. Not only the grammatical units of language were explored but the division of selected sentences into constituents (units) was also analyzed. To achieve this feat, sentences were separated into words and finally, words were regrouped on the basis of relationship between them. This paper has gone further to explain how the (agent) or subject of a sentence is identified through grammatical units. The grammatical units were introduced on the hierarchical order [down-up]. The general syntactic framework we have adopted is inspired by the theories of language developed by Noam Chomsky. The choice of this study is based on the assumption that English and French are “closely related and well documented languages” (Tanja et all, 2010:110) and the two (duo) “constitute a minimal pair suitable for micro-comparison (Kayne, 2005). Most learners that were not always comfortable with the syntax and structure of the two languages would be familiar with their components and syntax of English and French languages armed with this work.
T. A. Balogun, G.S. Idowu· Eureka-Unilag· 0 citations
This study examines the four major word classes (viz. noun, verb, adjective and adverb) in Lohorung, a Kirat Rai (Tibeto-Burman) language of north-eastern Nepal, based on their semantic, syntactic, and morphological properties, based on Givón’s formal and functional approach. Data were collected through elicitation with native speakers and textual analyses and were analysed with reference to the author’s native-speaker intuition. The findings indicate that Lohorung exhibits prototypical nouns with their multiple features and non-prototypical nouns as well. Morphologically, nouns are marked by the specific affixes, <-ʈsi> encodes dual and <-i> encodes plural. Lohorung employs three types of classifiers, namely <-tsi> <-kɔ>, and <-pɑŋ/pɑ>. Verbs are clause-final and serve as main predicates, typical of Tibeto-Burman languages. Lohorung has three numbers and persons systems with clusivity. Manner adverbials may take , and some adverbs modify adjectives. This study concludes that the analysis of the four major word classes enhances the grammatical description of the Lohorung language and contributes to functional-typological research on lexical classification.
Diwas Rai· Journal of Indigenous Knowle...· 0 citations
This research investigated aspects of nominalisation in the Idoma language as a contribution to studies on nominalisation processes in Idoma. The study used generative morphology as proposed by Scalise (1984) for the theoretical framework, and data were collected from the nọchi dialect of Idoma through participant observation. The article investigated three nominalisation processes, which are vowel prefixation process, ‘oó’ prefixation and a double prefixation process. For all the processes discussed, the verb is the stem/root. For vowel prefixation, the research observed that some nominals in Idoma are derived from verbs by adding the right vowel prefix in accordance with the vowel harmony of Idoma. The ‘oó’ prefixation is used for topicalization. For the double prefixation process, the first prefix is ‘o’ (3rd person singular pronoun), which changes the verb to an adjective. The derived adjective becomes a nominal element when prefixed by ‘ọd’, (a clipped form of ‘oda’). Findings show that the derived nominals have the same structure and perform the same grammatical functions as prototypical nouns in Idoma. The research concludes that these nominalisation processes are productive aspects of derivational morphology in the Idoma language.
Theresa Idoko, Christiana Eragbe· Journal of Language and Lite...· 0 citations
In this article we want to investigate in how far these verbal forms differ from each other and in how far they are the same. Indoeuropean languages use conjunctions in order to connect sentences with other sentences or clauses, words which give a certain structure to syntax. In agglutinative languages it is verbal suffixes which are giving a certain structure. They are either paticiples, verbal nouns or converbs, depending on the intention of the speaker. This is also the case in Turkish and Tamil being both agglutinative languages. In this contribution we want to investigate in how far the typological similarity influinces grammatical entities, like the syntax when using suffixes that connect sentences or clauses with each other. At the end of this contribution we want to throw a glance at the oppinion of some scientists that I had a discussion about this topic with. Some linguists think that it is logical that agglutinative languages always have a parallel syntax because of the same system, including grammatical morphemes. At the end of this contribution we want to demonstrate that this is not the case at all.The parallel syntax functions only in those places in which speakers want to express the same content. In order to prove this point just a few examples are enough as the examples demonstrate on first sight the difference in the syntactic structure.
W. Scharlipp· Communication and Linguistic...· 0 citations