Aug 2026· Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology· 0 citations
Abstract
Aims: This study evaluated the individual and interactive effects of applied biostimulants on the growth, yield, quality, and economic performance of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) cv. Pusa Desi.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur (Rajasthan), during 2025-26.
Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomised block design with two factors: commercial biostimulants (control, humic acid @ 3%, fulvic acid @ 3%, and salicylic acid @ 50 mg/L) and traditional biostimulants (control, moringa leaf extract @ 3%, vermiwash @ 3%, and cow urine [1:10]). The 16 treatment combinations were replicated three times, and the observed data were analysed using OPSTAT.
Results: Significant differences were observed among the treatments. Among the treatment combinations, humic acid @ 3% and moringa leaf extract @ 3% (T1×M1) recorded the maximum plant height (35.5 cm at 45 DAS and 51.6 cm at harvest), root-shoot ratio (1.15 cm at 45 DAS and 1.20 cm at harvest), average leaf area (218.48 cm2 at 45 DAS), leaf area index (3.36 at 45 DAS), number of leaves per plant (8.4 at 30 DAS and 12.61 at 45 DAS), chlorophyll a content (2 mg/g at 30 DAS and 2.2 mg/g at 45 DAS), chlorophyll b content (1.17 mg/g at 30 DAS and 1.33 mg/g at 45 DAS), total chlorophyll content (3.23 mg/g at 30 DAS and 3.24 mg/g at 45 DAS), maximum root diameter (5 cm at 45 DAS and 5.7 cm at harvest), average root weight (123 g at 45 DAS and 130 g at harvest), yield per plot (5.2 kg), yield per hectare (433 q/ha), TSS content in roots (4.24 ºBrix at 45 DAS and 4.4 ºBrix at harvest), vitamin C (27.9 mg/day at 45 DAS and 31.6 mg/day at harvest), total phenolic content (2.16 mg GAE/g at 45 DAS and 2.51 mg GAE/g at harvest), beta-carotene (4.12 mg at 45 DAS and 4.16 mg at harvest), and the highest B:C ratio of 3.16.
Conclusion: The results of our research indicated that the application of humic acid @ 3% and moringa leaf extract @ 3% (T1×M1) increased the growth, yield, and quality of radish. However, these findings are indicative and require further experimentation across seasons and locations before broader recommendations can be made.
Background: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) productivity and fruit quality are strongly influenced by nutrient availability and crop-management practices. Humic acid and seaweed extract are plant biostimulants that may enhance vegetative growth, yield, and quality when applied at appropriate concentrations.
Aims: This study evaluated the individual and interactive effects of foliar-applied humic acid and seaweed extract on the growth, yield, fruit quality, and economic performance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cv. Arka Samrat.
Place and Duration of Study: The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, during the Rabi season of 2025–26.
Methodology: The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomised block design with two factors: humic acid at four concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mL/L) and seaweed extract at four concentrations (0, 2, 4, and 6 mL/L). The 16 treatment combinations were replicated three times, and the observed data were analysed using OPSTAT.
Results: Significant differences were observed among the treatments. Among the treatment combinations, humic acid at 4 mL/L combined with seaweed extract at 4 mL/L (M3T3) recorded the greatest plant height (312.62 cm), number of branches per plant (9.07), plant spread (65.92 cm), number of leaves per plant (69.13), number of clusters per plant (11.80), and number of flowers per cluster (9.01). It also recorded the fewest days to first flowering (27.69), 50% flowering (36.96), and first fruiting (41.95), together with the greatest number of fruits per cluster (8.24), average fruit weight (109.73 g), fruit yield per plant (6.40 kg), number of fruits per plant (58.35), total soluble solids (4.99 °Brix), ascorbic acid content (26.68 mg/100 g), and benefit–cost ratio (2.97).
Conclusion: The treatment combination of humic acid at 4 mL/L and seaweed extract at 4 mL/L (M3T3) produced the most favourable growth, yield, quality, and economic responses under the conditions of this experiment. However, these findings are indicative and require further experimentation across seasons and locations before broader recommendations can be made.
Tamanna Nehra, Dipayan Sarkar, U. Shukla et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
Aim: The present investigation was conducted at the Agricultural Research Farm, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, to evaluate the influence of plant growth regulators as seed treatments and foliar sprays on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.).
Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2025–2026.
Methodology: The experiment comprised eight treatments: Control (T₁), GA₃ @ 50 ppm (T₂), Ethrel @ 200 ppm (T₃), 2,4-D @ 5 ppm (T₄), Triacontanol @ 0.5 ml of 0.1% (T₅), NAA @ 10 ppm seed soaking + 5 ppm foliar spray (T₆), BAP @ 50 ppm (T₇) and CPA @ 50 ppm (T₈). Treatments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Observations were recorded on reproductive parameters including days to first flowering, days to 50% flowering, days to first harvest, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, and fruit weight.
Results: Application of plant growth regulators significantly influenced all reproductive parameters of okra. Triacontanol (T₅) induced the earliest flowering (34.68 days) and first harvest (49.99 days), while 2,4-D (T₄) recorded the minimum days to 50% flowering (44.03 days). Triacontanol also produced the maximum fruit diameter (1.88 cm), fruit length (13.19 cm) and fruit weight (17.23 g). The highest number of fruits per plant (36.38) was observed with NAA (T₆), followed closely by Triacontanol (35.13). In contrast, the untreated control recorded delayed flowering, later harvest, and the lowest values for all reproductive traits. The superior performance of Triacontanol may be attributed to enhanced photosynthetic efficiency, improved assimilate translocation and better hormonal regulation, resulting in early floral initiation and improved fruit development.
Conclusion: Among the plant growth regulators evaluated, Triacontanol @ 0.5 ml of 0.1% applied through seed soaking and foliar spray proved to be the most effective in enhancing the reproductive performance of okra by promoting early flowering, early harvesting, and superior fruit quality attributes. Therefore, Triacontanol can be recommended for improving the reproductive phase and productivity of okra under the agro-climatic conditions of Jaipur, Rajasthan.
S. Meena, M. Bundela, Dipayan Sarkar et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is an economically important vegetable crop valued for its culinary, nutritional, and commercial significance. Optimising the foliar application of plant growth regulators and micronutrients may improve onion growth, bulb yield, quality, and production economics. The study aims to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators and zinc on the growth, yield, and quality of onion. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2025–26 at the Horticulture Research Field, Prof. Rajendra Singh (Rajju Bhaiya) University, Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, The experiment was arranged in a randomised block design with seven treatments and three replications. The treatments comprised GA₃ (100 ppm), NAA (200 ppm), zinc (0.1%), and their combinations, applied as foliar sprays at 30 and 60 days after transplanting (DAT). Among the treatments, T₅ (GA₃ 100 ppm + zinc 0.1%) produced the highest plant height (56.57, 60.12, and 66.19 cm), number of leaves per plant (6.87, 8.00, and 13.01), pseudostem length (6.83, 9.32, and 14.74 cm), and pseudostem diameter (1.92, 2.83, and 3.51 cm) at 45, 60, and 90 DAT, respectively. The same treatment also recorded the highest average bulb weight (85.36 g), polar diameter (6.14 cm), equatorial diameter (6.33 cm), yield per plot (11.35 kg plot⁻¹), and yield per hectare (28.38 t ha⁻¹), followed by T₆ (NAA 200 ppm + zinc 0.1%). In contrast, the highest total soluble solids (12.20 °Brix), titratable acidity (0.31%), ascorbic acid (13.43 mg 100 g⁻¹), and total sugar content (6.43%) were recorded under T₄ (GA₃ 100 ppm + NAA 200 ppm). The control (T₇) recorded the lowest values for most parameters. In this study, GA₃ (100 ppm) combined with zinc (0.1%) improved onion growth and yield, whereas GA₃ (100 ppm) combined with NAA (200 ppm) improved bulb quality.
Gyanendra Singh, Lavkush Pandey, Shivkant Singh Chandel et al.· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important root vegetable valued for its nutritional and economic importance. Its growth, yield and quality are influenced by plant growth regulators; however, information on the comparative effects of naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and homobrassinolide (HBL) on beetroot under the semi-arid agro-climatic conditions of Rajasthan remains limited. The present investigation entitled was conducted during the Rabi season of 2025 at the Agronomy Research Farm, School of Agriculture, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajasthan. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design (RBD) comprising seven treatments with three replications to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) and Homobrassinolide (HBL) on the growth, yield, quality and economics of beetroot. The results revealed that Homobrassinolide @ 1 ppm (T₆) proved to be the most effective treatment, recording the maximum plant height (42.19 cm at 75 DAS), number of leaves per plant (19.4 at 75 DAS), root length (16.11 cm), root diameter (8.22 cm) and total root yield (479.70 q ha⁻¹), compared with 28.43 cm, 12.9, 10.90 cm, 5.20 cm and 284.10 q ha⁻¹, respectively, under the control (T₁). Among the NAA treatments, NAA @ 200 ppm (T₃) recorded a plant height of 36.62 cm at 75 DAS, 16.2 leaves per plant at 75 DAS, a root length of 13.76 cm, a root diameter of 6.91 cm and a total root yield of 411.50 q ha⁻¹. In terms of quality, T₆ recorded the highest carotenoid content (3.27 mg 100 g⁻¹), total chlorophyll content (1.83 mg 100 g⁻¹) and anthocyanin content (55.88 mg 100 g⁻¹), compared with 2.13, 0.85 and 37.56 mg 100 g⁻¹, respectively, under the control. Among the NAA treatments, NAA @ 200 ppm (T₃) recorded 2.76 mg 100 g⁻¹ carotenoids, 1.28 mg 100 g⁻¹ total chlorophyll and 46.87 mg 100 g⁻¹ anthocyanin, indicating better performance than NAA @ 100 ppm. Economically, Homobrassinolide @ 1 ppm (T₆) recorded the highest gross return (₹3,83,760 ha⁻¹), net return (₹2,92,760 ha⁻¹) and benefit ratio (3.22), compared with ₹1,70,460 ha⁻¹, ₹88,460 ha⁻¹ and 1.08, respectively, under the control. Among the NAA treatments, NAA @ 200 ppm (T₃) recorded a gross return of ₹3,29,200 ha⁻¹, which was higher than the ₹2,68,293 ha⁻¹ recorded under NAA @ 100 ppm. Overall, Homobrassinolide @ 1 ppm was found to be the most effective treatment for improving growth, yield, quality and economic returns of beetroot, while NAA @ 200 ppm was the most effective treatment among the NAA concentrations.
Jyoti Yadav, Dipayan Sarkar, M. Bundela et al.· Journal of Advances in Biolo...· 0 citations
A field experiment was conducted during Kharif 2022 and 2023 at Dr. BRC Agricultural Research Station (ARS), Mandor, Rajasthan, to evaluate the effect of biofertilisers and growth-promoting microorganisms on growth, yield, and profitability of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek, var. GM-4) under the mungbean–wheat cropping system. The experiment was laid out in a Randomised Block Design with ten treatments and three replications. Treatments consisted of different combinations of the recommended dose of fertilisers and seed inoculation, soil application, or combined seed and soil application of Rhizobium and phosphate-solubilising bacteria (PSB). The results indicated that growth parameters, yield attributes, grain yield, biological yield, and economic returns were significantly influenced by the treatments. The greatest numerical plant heights at 30 DAS (46.8 cm) and 45 DAS (55.9 cm) were recorded under T₁₀, while T₅ recorded comparable values of 45.8 and 55.3 cm, respectively. The highest numbers of pods per plant (39.6) and seeds per pod (13.5), dry matter production (3.50 t ha⁻¹), and test weight (48.1 g) were observed under T₅, whereas the highest numerical chlorophyll content (4.00 mg g⁻¹) was recorded under T₁₀. The highest grain yield (pooled: 1458 kg ha⁻¹) and net return (₹98,855 ha⁻¹) were recorded with 100% RDF (T₅), whereas 75% RDF combined with seed and soil application of Rhizobium + PSB (T₁₀) produced a pooled grain yield of 1400 kg ha⁻¹ and a B:C ratio of 4.41, remaining statistically at par with T₅. Thus, integrated use of biofertilisers with 75% RDF can reduce fertiliser requirement without significant yield loss and improve profitability.
A. Verma, M. Mehriya, Ashish Vishnawat· International Journal of Pla...· 0 citations
Potato plantlets produced through tissue culture require an acclimatization phase before transfer to field conditions. Natural biostimulants are expected to enhance plantlet adaptation and growth during this critical stage. This study evaluated the effects of biostimulant type and concentration on the acclimatization of Cipanas potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plantlets. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot factor was biostimulant type, consisting of coconut water and aloe vera extract, while the subplot factor was biostimulant concentration (0%, 5%, 15%, and 25%). The observed variables included plant height increase, leaf number, and root number. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at the 5% significance level when significant effects were detected. The results showed that biostimulant type, concentration, and their interaction had no significant effect on plant height increase and leaf number during acclimatization. Plant height increase ranged from 0.69 to 2.16 cm, while leaf number ranged from 1.22 to 1.78 leaves plant⁻¹ at 5 weeks after acclimatization (WAA). Root number was the only parameter significantly affected by biostimulant concentration. The control treatment (0%) and 25% concentration produced the highest root numbers, with mean values of 1.56 and 1.16 roots plant⁻¹, respectively, and did not differ significantly according to DMRT. These findings indicate that acclimatization success was primarily influenced by plantlet adaptation to ex vitro conditions, whereas biostimulant concentration contributed mainly to root development.
Finola Putri Ramadhani, Susiyanti, Sulastri Isminingsih et al.· Gunung Djati Conference Seri...· 0 citations
