STUDY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF Halimeda macroloba FROM THE SUMBERKIMA COASTAL AREA, BALI AS A BASIS FOR DOMESTICATION OF HIGH ECONOMIC VALUE AQUACULTURE COMMODITIES

PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF SARGASSUMBERS. EXTRACT FROM THE WATERS OF SUMBERKIMA VILLAGE, BALI

Antioxidant Activity Identification of Crude Extract of Halimeda sp. From the Seribu Islands Using Different Testing Methods (DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP)

The green seaweed from the genus Halimeda is a marine biological resource that holds promise as a source of bioactive compounds, such as antioxidant compounds. The antioxidant activity may differ based on the assay technique since each technique relies on a unique reaction mechanism. This research intended to assess the antioxidant properties of crude Halimeda sp. extract from the Seribu Islands employing three techniques: DPPH, CUPRAC, and FRAP. The sample was obtained through maceration with methanol and subsequently assessed for free radical scavenging activity and metal ion reduction capability. The findings indicated that the CUPRAC method yielded the greatest antioxidant activity, scoring 147.91 µmol Trolox/g extract, while the FRAP method followed with 83.61 µmol Trolox/g extract. The DPPH method generated an IC₅₀ value of 226.09 mg/L. These varying values suggest that the chemical properties of the compounds in the extract react differently to each testing principle. Consequently, employing several antioxidant assays is essential for a more thorough assessment of the antioxidant capacity of Halimeda sp. seaweed extract.

Regional variability in phytochemical profiles and bioactivities of macerate and decoction extracts from three medicinal plants of Burkina Faso

Introduction Regional variability in secondary metabolite biosynthesis represents a critical dimension of plant chemodiversity. This study examined Acanthospermum hispidum, Vitex simplicifolia, and Vetiveria nigritana collected from three ecological zones of Burkina Faso (Centre-North, Centre, Cascades), focusing on phytochemical composition and bio activities. Methods Qualitative profiling of phenolic acids and flavonoids was performed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). The solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate/formic acid/glacial acetic acid/water (100/11/11/26). The total phenolic content of plant extracts was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method. The flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride colorimetric method. The biological potential of the extracts was evaluated using three biological assays: antioxidant activities (ABTS and FRAP), antiplasmodial activity, and antibacterial activity. Results Quantitative assays revealed pronounced differences in metabolite accumulation: V. simplicifolia leaves from the Centre region contained the highest polyphenol levels (450.21 ± 5.18 µg GAE/100 mg), while leaves from Cascades exhibited peak flavonoid content (269.43 ± 6.89 µg QE/100 mg). Antioxidant capacity varied accordingly, with A. hispidum leafy stems from Cascades showing strong ABTS activity (5.76 ± 0.32 µmol AAE/g) and V. simplicifolia bark from Centre-North displaying maximal FRAP reducing power (0.29 ± 0.004 µmol AAE/g). Bioactivity assays highlighted methanolic macerates of A. hispidum (Centre) with promising antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 15.71 µg/mL), and V. nigritana rhizomes with potent bactericidal effects (MIC = 1.5–3 mg/mL; MBC/MIC ≤ 2). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed three chemotypic clusters linking metabolite profiles to ecological origin: V. simplicifolia (Centre/Cascades) associated with antioxidant and antibacterial potency, A. hispidum (Centre) with antiplasmodial activity, and V. nigritana (Centre-North/Cascades) with antibacterial strength. Discussion These findings underscore the ecological modulation of secondary metabolism and highlight the importance of regional chemodiversity for phytomedicine standardization and biodiversity conservation

Screening Factorial Design for Extraction of Bioactive Metabolites from Tithonia diversifolia (Hmsl.) A. Gray/Asteraceae Leaf Extract: Phytochemical Assays and Chemical Characterization by Synchronous Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectroscopy

Novel SFS, SPS and 3D-SFS are described as fingerprinting/comparative profiling techniques for leaf extracts which require definitive compound identification methods.

Phytochemical Characterization of Euphorbia peplis Extracts and Their Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory, and Cytotoxic Activities: An Integrated Experimental and In Silico Study

ABSTRACT Euphorbia members (Euphorbiaceae) are valuable sources of lead compounds for potential drug discovery. This study was conducted to evaluate, for the first time, the phytoconstituents, antioxidant capacity, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxic properties of E. peplis . Extracts were prepared from the aerial parts using ethyl acetate (EtOAc), ethanol (EtOH), 70% EtOH, and water. Results showed that the 70% EtOH and EtOH extracts contained the highest levels of total phenolics (68.12 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (45.49 mg RE/g). UPLC‐ESI‐MSn analysis revealed a variety of phytochemicals, including flavonoids, cinnamic acid derivatives, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins, with 24 metabolites tentatively identified. PCA grouped these metabolites into three clusters, and their distribution was visualized with a heatmap. Polar extracts demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with the 70% EtOH extract showing the highest values in most assays (DPPH = 385.50 mg TE/g; ABTS = 466.31 mg TE/g; CUPRAC = 439.95 mg TE/g; FRAP = 305.07 mg TE/g; PBD = 2.45 mmol TE/g). The EtOH and EtOAc extracts exhibited the strongest anti‐acetylcholinesterase (2.83 mg GALAE/mg) and anti‐butyrylcholinesterase (2.18 mg GALAE/mg) activities, respectively. Both the 70% EtOH and EtOH extracts showed the best anti‐tyrosinase effects (54.40 and 53.39 mg KAE/g; p ≥ 0.05). The EtOAc extract was more toxic toward SHSY5Y cells, with a viability of 4.31%, compared to 8.18% in normal KEK293 cells. Network pharmacology identified 11 common targets for E. peplis metabolites, with AKT1, EGFR, GSK3B, ESR1/ESR2, and CCND1 serving as key hubs. Pathway enrichment analysis highlighted PI3K‐Akt, EGFR, and hormone‐related pathways. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable multi‐target binding. These findings suggest that E. peplis could be a promising source of antioxidants and compounds with potential anticancer and enzyme‐inhibitory activities relevant to human diseases.

Wild Tunisian Daucus Carota L. Seeds as a Source of Petroselinic Acid-Rich Oil: Influence of Extraction Method on Composition and Bioactivity