The Fibrin-Nanofat Membrane for Coverage of Raw Wound Surfaces: A Literature Review

Abstract

Chronic and complex wounds, including acute and extensive poor-healing injuries, present a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery. Conventional therapies—such as advanced dressings, negative pressure therapy, skin grafts, flaps, and recombinant growth factors-often fail to restore complete tissue architecture and function due to persistent inflammation, impaired angiogenesis, bacterial colonization, and deficient regenerative responses. To address these limitations, this review examines the regenerative rationale and clinical applications of fibrin-nanofat bioactive membranes as an innovative strategy for managing problematic and chronic wounds. Analysis of the literature on platelet concentrates and adipose tissue derivatives, with a focus on platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and nanofat, demonstrates that PRF acts as a reservoir for the sustained release of growth factors that orchestrate tissue repair. Mechanically processed nanofat retains adipose-derived stem cells, stromal cells, exosomes, and bioactive mediators that stimulate proliferation, enhance neovascularization, and regulate fibrosis. Recent advances in tissue engineering have successfully integrated the scaffold properties of fibrin with the regenerative potential of nanofat into bioactive membranes. Experimental evidence indicates that these hybrid constructs yield uniform, flexible, and biologically active biomaterials that adapt to tissue defects, support cell adhesion, migration, and survival, and provide a sustained release of growth factors and progenitor cells. Fibrin-nanofat membranes therefore represent a promising regenerative tool in reconstructive surgery, with significant potential to advance chronic wound management by accelerating healing, improving tissue quality, and reducing reliance on complex procedures.