Multi-Objective Optimization of Impact-Resistant Structures for FPV Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Search and Rescue Operations under Martial Law

Abstract

This paper presents a methodology for the multi-objective optimization of protective structures for DJI Avata 2 unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The modified platforms are specifically adapted for search and rescue (SAR) operations, the inspection of destroyed buildings, infrastructure, and linear facilities, as well as navigation through dense technogenic debris resulting from the martial law conditions in Ukraine. Based on numerical simulation results (FEA and CFD) and the introduction of an integral modification efficiency coefficient (E) that accounts for structural survivability, a rational balance is established between the collision energy-absorption capacity of the exoskeleton and the aerodynamic degradation of thrust. The study demonstrates that the application of optimized hybrid exoskeletons improves the UAV's critical resistance to dynamic impacts by 20–25% while maintaining maneuvering stability in confined spaces. The findings hold practical significance for enhancing the operational reliability of UAVs executing specialized missions in complex and hazardous environments.