Aug 2026· Dialogica· Vol 2, pp. 76-93· 0 citations· 8 references
Abstract
This qualitative comparative discourse-analytical study examines how selected English-language media texts framed events of the Second Karabakh War through event nomination, agency, attribution, legal-status labels, humanitarian representation, place naming, and verification vocabulary. The primary corpus comprises 69 texts published by 11 Azerbaijani, Türkiye-based, and international outlets between 27 September and 10 November 2020. A separate BBC Reality Check article is examined as a contextual verification case and is excluded from corpus counts. Full reports were consulted for context, while systematic lexical coding focused mainly on headlines and leads, with selected article co-text used in five cases. Article-level coding shows that legal-restorative framing was the most common primary frame in the Azerbaijani subset (18/34; 52.9%) and the Türkiye-based subset (8/16; 50.0%). The international subset was more evenly distributed across diplomatic-outcome and humanitarian frames (5/19; 26.3% each), military-operational and attributional-evidential frames (4/19; 21.1% each), and military-outcome framing (1/19; 5.3%). The article proposes contextual-semantic adequacy as a multidimensional category encompassing denotational fit, agency visibility, evidential calibration, attribution transparency, legal-context explicitness, humanitarian specificity, toponymic transparency, and digital verification. The bounded conflict serves as the empirical setting for a transferable analytical framework. Because the corpus is purposive and heterogeneous, and the verification analysis is based on a single contextual case, the findings describe patterns in the sampled materials rather than entire media systems.
This study employs a mixed-methods design to investigate how conceptual metaphors function as devices of ideological framing in Pakistani English-language newspapers. The qualitative strand is grounded in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff & Johnson, 1980) and Charteris-Black's (2004) Critical Metaphor Analysis, integrated with Entman's (1993) framing theory, to interpret how source domains such as War, Journey, Disease, and Natural Disaster are mapped onto target domains of politics, economy, and security to naturalize particular worldviews; the quantitative strand converts identified metaphors into frequency counts, percentages, and collocation (MI) scores, tested for cross-newspaper association using chi-square analysis. The study addresses the scarcity of mixed-methods, corpus-based cognitive-pragmatic research on English print journalism within Pakistan's multilingual media landscape. Data were drawn from a purpose-built corpus of opinion editorials collected from five leading Pakistani English newspapers — Dawn, The News International, The Express Tribune, Pakistan Today, and Business Recorder — published between January and December 2025, drawn from an estimated population of 1,800 editorials. A purposive sample of 150 editorials (30 per newspaper), totaling approximately 120,000 words, was analyzed using AntConc for concordance, collocation, and frequency analysis, following Charteris-Black's three-stage identification–interpretation–explanation procedure. Findings reveal a statistically and qualitatively dominant reliance on War and economy-as-Patient metaphors, which construct crises as adversarial and precarious, reinforcing elite-centred and nationalistic ideological positioning across outlets. The study contributes a replicable mixed-methods framework for analyzing metaphor and ideology in South Asian print media.
Muhammad Shahrugh Bukhari, M. Siddique, Rai Muhammad Aon Raza et al.· Journal of Arts and Linguist...· 0 citations
This study investigates register variation in Pakistani English newspaper discourse through a Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) lens, addressing a persistent gap in existing Pakistani media research where field, tenor, and mode have rarely been examined together within one integrated framework. Grounded theoretically in Halliday and Matthiessen's Systemic Functional Grammar, together with Martin and White's appraisal framework and Halliday and Hasan's cohesion model, the study analyses field through transitivity, tenor through mood, modality, and appraisal, and mode through thematic progression and cohesion. Data are purposively collected from three Pakistani English-language newspapers — Dawn, The News International, and The Express Tribune — comprising a population of national English-language print and online news content, from which a sample of 400 headlines (approximately 134 per outlet) and 60 full-length reports/editorials (20 per outlet) is drawn. Manual clause-level coding is triangulated with AntConc-based corpus analysis to verify frequency and collocational patterns. The study expects to reveal systematic, metafunctionally interrelated register configurations that vary meaningfully across outlets and across the spoken-written divide, contributing new theoretical and empirical insight into Pakistani news language.
Hina Ajmi, Dr. Nadeem Anwar, Iqra Anam· TAMSAAL· 0 citations
This study examines how two leading news organisations operating in contrasting political and media systems, the BBC in the United Kingdom and Al Arabiya in Saudi Arabia, framed COVID-19 in content distributed through their official X (formerly Twitter) accounts between January 2020 and February 2022. The comparison is motivated by systemic contrast rather than institutional equivalence: the BBC is a publicly funded broadcaster with editorial independence operating in a liberal-democratic media system, while Al Arabiya is a privately owned pan-Arab network operating within a state-influenced media environment. Drawing on framing theory and Hallin and Mancini's comparative media systems framework, the study combines qualitative framing analysis with corpus linguistic methods applied to a bilingual dataset: 11,451 English-language BBC articles (3,576,484 tokens) and 826 Arabic-language Al Arabiya articles (387,479 tokens, of which 310,174 are content words) linked from the two accounts. Eight frames were identified across both corpora. Qualitative frame analysis is complemented by two statistical tests: a chi-square test of the frame distribution between outlets, and log-likelihood keyness testing comparing the early pandemic phase (March–May 2020) with the vaccination phase (December 2020–February 2021) within each corpus. The frame distributions differ significantly between outlets [
χ
2
(7) = 364.4,
p
< 0.0001], though with a modest effect size (Cramér's V = 0.162); standardised residuals show the association is driven by the Uncertainty, War, Authority-Centric and Human-Interest frames, while Government Handling and Economic Consequences do not differ significantly. Keyness results confirm a decisive and statistically robust narrative shift in both outlets, from an early vocabulary of outbreak, containment and protective equipment to a vaccination-dominated vocabulary. Culturally specific patterns are also evident: the Al Arabiya early-phase keywords foreground curfew, Ramadan and communal prayer, while its vaccination-phase keywords foreground the state health platform Sehaty. Frame distribution shows the BBC emphasising uncertainty and government criticism, and Al Arabiya emphasising commitment and transparency, collective mobilisation and state authority, with both outlets converging on authority-centred framing during the acute outbreak. The study contributes a bilingual, longitudinal account of how political structures, cultural values and institutional roles shape pandemic framing across divergent media systems.
Saud Shbeer· Frontiers in Communication· 0 citations
This study examines the use of cohesive devices in English-language opinion articles published in The Jakarta Post, Indonesia's premier English-language newspaper. Drawing on Halliday and Hasan's (1976) framework of cohesion in English, the research employs quantitative content analysis to investigate the frequency, distribution, and utilization of cohesive devices across a corpus of ten opinion articles concerning the Iran conflict, published between March and April 2026. The analysis reveals that reference (29.07%, n = 91) and lexical cohesion (29.07%, n = 91) constitute the dominant cohesive strategies, followed by conjunction (19.49%, n = 61), substitution (12.78%, n = 40), and ellipsis (9.58%, n = 30). Within the reference category, anaphoric reference emerges as the most frequently employed sub-type (15.97%), while repetition emerged as the dominant subtype of lexical cohesion. The distribution of cohesive devices indicates a clear preference for referential and lexical strategies in maintaining continuity across the selected articles. These findings contribute to discourse analysis by providing empirical evidence of cohesion patterns in Indonesian English-language journalism and offer pedagogical implications for EAP and ESP instruction.
Putra Puadi, Sukri Adani· Jurnal Pustaka Cendekia Pend...· 0 citations
This study investigates how climate change is linguistically constructed in the Pakistani English-language press during the three years following the catastrophic 2022 floods, a period of heightened editorial attention to climate issues. Situated within an interpretivist paradigm, the study integrates two frameworks: Stibbe's (2015, 2021) ecolinguistic model of the “stories we live by,” coded through six categories — framing, metaphor, identity, conviction, salience, and erasure — and Hallidayan Systemic Functional Linguistics, specifically transitivity analysis, coding clauses for process type, Actor, and Goal to reveal how agency and responsibility are grammatically distributed. The population comprises approximately five hundred (N ≈ 500) climate-related editorials published in Dawn, The News International, and The Express Tribune between January 2023 and December 2025. A stratified purposive sample of ninety (n = 90) editorials was drawn, thirty (n = 30) from each outlet, retrieved from official online archives via climate-related keyword searches and compiled into a corpus analysed with AntConc (Version 4.2.0) for frequency, keyword, and collocational patterning, followed by qualitative ecolinguistic and transitivity coding. Findings indicate that Pakistani editorials favour material processes and active agency, foreground governance and financial accountability, and privilege institutional over community-centred perspectives, with erasure and salience patterns varying across outlets.
Muhammad Sheraz Anwar, D. Anwar, Rai Muhammad Aon Raza et al.· Journal of Arts and Linguist...· 0 citations
This critical narrative review synthesises evidence from ten recent publications in Scopus-indexed journals or conference proceedings, three directly relevant articles from Acta Humanitatis, DIALOGICA, and AI, and proposes a transparent protocol centred on identifiable texts, model and prompt documentation, repeated runs, preserved outputs, bilingual evaluation, linguistic evidence, negative cases, and explicit human responsibility.