This paper presents a systematic analysis of chitosan as a biodegradable polymer possessing intrinsic antimicrobial activity, positioning it as a promising alternative to conventional antibiotics amid rising antibiotic resistance. The main methods of chitosan production are considered – chemical, enzymatic, biological, and combined biotechnological – with a comparative evaluation based on degree of deacetylation, environmental impact, and suitability for biomedical use. The hierarchical relationship between chitosan's key physicochemical parameters – degree of deacetylation and molecular weight – and its antimicrobial mechanism of action, driven by the cationic nature of protonated amino groups, is analyzed. The anti - inflammatory role of chitosan, mediated through NF -κB inhibition and cytokine modulation, is demonstrated, and its biomedical applications are discussed in relation to the balance between bioactive and mechanical properties. The development of hybrid systems combining chitosan's bioactivity with the mechanical characteristics of other materials is identified as a promising direction for future research.
Background and Objective: Chitosan is a bioactive polysaccharide mainly derived from the deacetylation of chitin. Due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, mucoadhesive properties, and chemical modifiability, it has gained an important position in biomedical applications. The biological properties of chitosan are...
M. Salehi, Khaja Jamil Ahmad Jami· Ghalib Medical Journal· 0 citations
An up-to-date overview of recent advances in the design and modification of CS-based materials to improve their antimicrobial efficacy against a broad spectrum of pathogens is provided.
M. Felemban, M. S. Alhussaini, Abdul Rahman Abdulla Ibrahim Alyahya et al.· Polymer Bulletin· 0 citations
The necessity for further in vivo and translational research to fully realize the therapeutic potential of chitosan-based bioactive molecules is highlighted by examining their creative uses in a variety of fields.
Kavita Verma, Priyanka, Neelam Yadav· Current pharmaceutical desig...· 0 citations
The proposed review for the first time comprehensively discusses the field related to detoxification therapy and is distinct from other environment-oriented reviews.
Lucky E. Egbeme, Kamilu F. K. Oyedeko, F. Elehinafe et al.· Carbohydrate Research· 0 citations
Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide obtained by deacetylation of chitin, which is naturally present in the exoskeletons of crustaceans, insect cuticles, and the cell walls of certain fungi. Its favorable biological properties, combined with a highly adaptable chemical structure, have made it one of the most promising p...
Mihnea Costescu, L. Halitchi, Doina Spaiuc et al.· Applied Sciences· 0 citations
Chitosan is a versatile biopolymer produced by deacetylation of chitin. Structurally, it features reactive amino and hydroxyl groups and is primarily constituted of glucosamine units connected via β-(1,4)-glycosidic linkages. Chitosan and its derivatives not only exhibit unique physiological properties, such as excelle...
