Empirical evidence is contributed from educational action research showing that structured pedagogical interventions can promote the critical, ethical, and responsible use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in education.
Abstract
The increasing use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education has created new challenges for academic integrity, intellectual authorship, and the development of critical thinking. This study analyzes these challenges and evaluates a pedagogical intervention designed to promote the responsible use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in graduate education. The study was conducted between February 2025 and June 2026 and involved a total of 50 graduate students from three cohorts enrolled in two Master’s programs in Engineering and Business Administration. A qualitative educational action research approach was adopted, based on the analysis of academic assignments, similarity reports, and Artificial Intelligence-assisted writing detection using Turnitin, together with classroom observations and reflective discussions. The pedagogical intervention incorporated strategies based on the UNESCO (2023) guidance, structured prompt design, and the Socratic model. The findings revealed frequent use of Generative Artificial Intelligence-generated content without adequately paraphrasing the generated material, verifying information, or consulting the scientific literature. Following the intervention, students demonstrated greater attention to question formulation, information validation, and the use of reliable academic sources. The study contributes empirical evidence from educational action research showing that structured pedagogical interventions can promote the critical, ethical, and responsible use of Generative Artificial Intelligence in education.
It is suggested that AI can enhance drafting, revision, and feedback processes, improving coherence, metacognition, and writing confidence, however, these benefits are accompanied by persistent concerns regarding ethical ambiguity, inconsistent policy guidance, and insufficient faculty training.
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The growing presence of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education has changed the way students approach academic writing. While AI-powered tools offer practical support in generating ideas, organizing texts, and refining language, their increasing use has also raised concerns about the originality and authenticity of students’ written work. This study aims to examine how AI influences students’ authentic academic writing skills and to identify the patterns of dependence that emerge during the writing process. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed by integrating quantitative data from questionnaires completed by 71 third-semester English education students in Makassar, Indonesia, with qualitative evidence drawn from fifteen empirical and conceptual studies published between 2024 and 2025. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the survey data, whereas thematic synthesis was applied to the literature findings. The results indicate that students rely on AI to varying degrees across different stages of academic writing. Five interrelated forms of dependence were identified, namely dependence on idea generation, language and text organization, revision and editing, cognitive and metacognitive processes, and writing autonomy. However, the findings suggest that AI is not inherently responsible for weakening students’ writing abilities. Instead, the erosion of authentic writing tends to occur when technological assistance replaces the reflective, critical, and self-regulatory processes that are central to academic writing. These findings underscore the importance of developing educational practices that encourage students to use AI responsibly while maintaining intellectual ownership and academic integrity.
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A systematic review of peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2024 concludes that while tools such as generative artificial intelligence, intelligent tutoring systems, virtual and augmented reality, and predictive analytics are increasingly present, their adoption is concentrated in specific areas, particularly problem-solving, simulation, and assessment.
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