Advanced performance analysis of fuzzy controlled solar-EV charging station with V2G: field validation and energy management

Abstract

The demand for reliable solar-powered electric vehicle (EV) charging stations has grown due to rapid transition towards sustainable electric mobility. This paper presents an advanced performance analysis of a 200 kWp grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system installed at Prayagraj, India, comprising 363 monocrystalline modules (550 W each) integrated through two 80 kW string inverters. The measured performance of the operational PV plant is used to validate a MATLAB/Simulink model, which is subsequently extended to evaluate a simulation-based hybrid configuration incorporating a battery energy storage system (BESS), direct current (DC) fast EV charging infrastructure, and an intelligent energy management system (EMS). A fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking controller is implemented to regulate the DC–DC boost converter under dynamic irradiance and temperature conditions, while the EMS coordinates power flow among the PV array, BESS, EV load, and utility grid. Field measurements collected over a three-month period (August–October 2025) demonstrated an average performance ratio of 78.13% and a capacity utilization factor of 15.94%. Model validation showed close agreement between measured and simulated PV performance, achieving R2 = 0.965 and MAPE = 3.8%. The validated PV model, together with the simulation-based evaluation of the hybrid system, demonstrates the applicability of the proposed control framework for renewable-powered EV charging and provides a reliable foundation for future implementation and experimental validation of integrated solar EV charging infrastructure.