Aug 2026· International Journal of Social Sciences and Education Research· pp. 193-204· 0 citations· 30 references
Abstract
This study examines vocational tourism education at the secondary level in Türkiye by assessing trainee students’ core competencies from the perspectives of hotel department managers. Drawing on Bandura’s Social Learning Theory and organizational size theory, it investigates how organizational scale and trainee density influence student performance during work-integrated learning. Data were collected through a census of 190 department managers in hotels operating under an official ministerial protocol and analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings indicate that students demonstrate significantly higher proficiency, cooperation, workplace harmony, and responsibility in smaller hotels (40 or fewer employees) and in settings with lower trainee density. However, notable weaknesses emerge in foreign-language proficiency and autonomous problem-solving. The study concludes that optimizing trainee density and learning environments, alongside curriculum redesign and stronger school–industry collaboration, can enhance the effectiveness of vocational tourism education.
This study presents a detailed examination of the current status of secondary vocational education in Hainan, China, particularly concerning how well it meets the demands of industry and prepares students for the modern workforce. Some of the areas of vocational education that the study discusses are its structure, curriculum, resource allocation, policy infrastructures, and effectiveness of industry-academy linkages. Data were collected from 203 secondary vocational teachers in Hainan (Hainan Provincial Tourism School and Haikou Vocational Tourism School) using a descriptive research design based on a survey. In an attempt to offer a more in-depth understanding of the existing landscape of vocational education in conjunction with industry requirements, the survey was grounded on theoretical frameworks such as Human Capital Theory as proposed by Becker, Triple Helix Model (Etzkowitz), Skills Gap Theory (Sawchuk) and Situated Learning Theory (Lave and Wenger). The findings provide a diverse demographic profile of educators, highly favorable perceptions of the state of the current vocational education system, and perceptions that graduates are well-trained for the labor market, with the technical and soft skills, readiness for, and adaptability needed by the industry. But the study also notes small gaps between the skills being taught and the skills today’s employers want. While there is great potential for improving collaboration between industry and academia, there are crippling barriers that prevent effective collaboration. Several measures are recommended such as curriculum development, improving internship opportunities, and joint projects among industry and academia. The results underscore the need for continued efforts to address skills gaps and build closer connections between Hainan's vocational schools and the industries they serve.
Ma Quian, S. Ambag· Diversitas Journal· 0 citations
Abstract
The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 places Vocational education as a key component of the school reform in India and identifies that at least fifty percent of learners must be exposed to vocational education by 2025 with its integration in the mainstream education from middle stage. The National Skill Qualification Framework (NSQF) compliant Vocational Education Programme, with trades like IT-ITeS, Electronics and Hardware, Agriculture, Retail, Tourism and Hospitality, Power, Beauty and Wellness and Automotive, has been implemented in selected Government higher secondary schools across Tripura, a small north-eastern state with mixed tribal and non-tribal population and predominantly agrarian and small enterprise economy. This paper provides a review of the existing literature and available secondary data relating to the vocationalisation of school education under NEP 2020, highlighting three inter-related aspects of it: awareness about the opportunities for vocational education, the participation and enrolment patterns of school students, and the employment outcomes they believe it will help them achieve. The paper summarises the themes that emerge from the national policy documents, government notifications, and empirical studies on vocational education and employability from India and comparable developing country contexts and places them in the context of Tripura's administrative and socio-economic context. The review finds that the state of Tripura has progressed in implementing NSQF aligned vocational programmes in the state, but empirical studies with survey-based data on students' awareness, enrolments and employability are largely missing and suggests a framework and recommendations for future primary studies in the state.
Bikash Choudhury, Tanumay Das· International Journal For Mu...· 0 citations
Purpose: To evaluate the current state of tourism education in Indian government universities by assessing the adequacy of departmental infrastructure and analyzing the perceptions of tourism academicians.
Design/Methodology/Approach: An exploratory quantitative approach was employed, surveying 129 tourism academicians across Indian public universities. Primary data concerning institutional affiliation, teaching experience, course nature, and 11 key infrastructural parameters were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Findings: The results reveal that while foundational infrastructure (e.g., computer labs and departmental libraries) is reasonably established (over 71%), there is a critical deficit in specialized digital infrastructure. Notably, access to tourism software (34.12%) and dedicated student support cells (15.5%) remains inadequate. Additionally, most programs offer generalized curricula, and the majority of faculty possess less than five years of teaching experience.
Practical Implications: To bridge the gap between academic output and industry demands, higher education institutions must urgently upgrade their digital capabilities, integrate specialized tourism software training into the curriculum, and foster targeted student support mechanisms.
Originality/Value: This study provides a foundational empirical assessment of infrastructural bottlenecks in Indian public tourism education, offering actionable insights for educational administrators and policymakers to enhance the global competitiveness of India's tourism workforce.
S. Kumar, Akha Mao, Pankaj Sharma et al.· Advanced International Journ...· 0 citations
Service-Learning Malaysia - University for Society (SULAM) has emerged as a transformative pedagogical approach in Malaysian higher education, fostering meaningful integration between academic learning and community engagement. Within hospitality and tourism education, SULAM provides a platform for embedding sustainability values through experiential practice. This study evaluates the learning outcomes of a SULAM-based community project involving undergraduate students from the Faculty of Hotel and Tourism Management at Universiti Teknologi MARA Pulau Pinang. Data were collected from 42 students through a structured questionnaire assessing four domains: understanding of SULAM objectives, interpersonal competence, leadership development, and civic engagement intention. Findings indicate consistently high levels of agreement across all constructs. More than 90% of respondents demonstrated a clear understanding of programme objectives and the ability to apply academic knowledge in real-world community settings. Students reported notable improvements in communication skills, teamwork, and engagement with diverse stakeholders. Leadership development was also evident, particularly in initiative-taking and responsibility management. Notably, 97.6% expressed willingness to participate in future SULAM initiatives. These findings affirm SULAM as an effective experiential learning model that promotes sustainability-oriented mindsets and supports socially responsible education in hospitality and tourism.
A. Zulkeflli, Muhammad Azizan, A. Idris· AMAR (Andalas Management Rev...· 0 citations
Introduction
The Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) strand under the K to 12 curriculum aims to equip students with relevant skills for employment, entrepreneurship, and further education. However, teachers handling hospitality-related courses in public senior high schools’ face challenges such as limited professional development opportunities, resource gaps, and rapid changes in industry standards. This study was conducted to assess the training needs of teachers in terms of technical, pedagogical, industry immersion, digital literacy, and safety competencies.
It also evaluated the extent of institutional support provided by schools in terms of administration, finance, facilities, professional development, industry partnerships, technical resources, and motivation. Anchored on Adult Learning Theory and Organizational Support Theory, and guided by Republic Act 10533 and DepEd policies, the study aimed to determine the relationship between training needs and institutional support, identify prevailing problems, and propose an intervention program.
Irish Camille C Garcia· International journal of res...· 0 citations
The tertiary education expectations differ for students entering university life. Successfully navigating student life in a tertiary education setting requires students to be equipped with the necessary coping skills and to be adequately engaged with studies for a meaningful study experience. The study aimed to examine the relationship between Psychological Capital (PsyCap) and Student Engagement (SE) among students at the Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism Studies, The Maldives National University. PsyCap consists of four dimensions: Hope, Efficacy, Resilience and Optimism (HERO) that can be developed, managed, and measured to improve the performance of a student. Student engagement consists of Affective and Cognitive engagement and is the student’s connection with the educational establishment, peers, faculty, and learning in general. Therefore, understanding PsyCap and its relationship with SE can be imperative in creating a favourable learning environment for students in higher education settings. The study employed a quantitative research design by employing a survey method. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between PsyCap and SE, and multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the predictive influence of PsyCap on individual dimensions of SE. A total of 134 students enrolled on various academic programs at FHTS-MNU were surveyed to gather the data. Upon analysing the data, it was found that PsyCap had a moderate positive relationship with SE. The dimensions that most contributed to SE were Optimism and Resilience. Furthermore, it was found that PsyCap contributed more to Cognitive student engagement than to Affective engagement. The findings highlight key areas for consideration in curriculum design, teaching strategies, and the development of learning materials. The research also facilitates further research into how PsyCap can be enhanced to attain adequate SE.
Ismail Shiyar, Aishath Nasheeda· The Maldives National Journa...· 0 citations
