The Effect of Plosive Content on the Loudness Perception of Vowel-Consonant-Vowel Syllables in Listeners with Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Abstract

Objective This study investigated whether plosive consonants carry a perceptual loudness weighting that significantly exceeds that of non-plosive consonants when judged by hearing-impaired listeners. Design A prospective loudness matching experiment utilizing the method of adjustment. Study Sample 19 consenting native English speakers (Mean age: 61.4, SD: 16.4) with bilateral mild to moderate high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, indicative of presbycusis. Stimuli 13 vowel-consonant-vowel (VCV) nonsense syllables, exclusively utilizing the flanking vowel /u/. Results Descriptive analysis revealed a strong time-order effect influencing loudness judgments for 7 of the 13 VCV test stimuli. Statistical testing showed no significant difference (P = 0.94) between the relative amplitudes corresponding to the point of equal loudness for plosive-containing versus non-plosive-containing VCV stimuli. However, 6 individual VCV stimuli, containing consonants from 4 separate manners of articulation, produced significant loudness matching data (P < 0.01). Conclusions The results falsify the hypothesis that plosives, analyzed collectively as a class, possess a heavier perceptual loudness weighting than non-plosive consonants. While 6 individual VCV stimuli indicated potential individual consonantal loudness weightings, these findings must be interpreted cautiously due to the restriction to a single vowel context and the presence of procedural time-order biases.