Dendritic Mesoporous Silica-Modified Decellularized Bone Matrix Scaffold for Sustained Teriparatide Delivery in Bone Defect Repair: Characterization, Drug Release, and In Vitro Biological Performance

Dual-Template Mesoporous Bioactive Glass with Optimized Pore Structure Improve BMP2 Delivery in a Cryogel System for Hemostasis and Osteogenesis.

The management of bone injuries arising from traumatic or pathological origins necessitates biomaterial platforms that bridge immediate hemorrhage control and long-term osteogenic guidance within a single implantable system. In this study, we fabricated a chitosan-based composite cryogel (CMS-BG/BMP2) using dual-template mesoporous bioactive glass (dMBG). By using the double-template agent method, we enhanced the specific surface area of bioactive glass, optimized its pore architecture, improved the loading efficiency of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), and achieved its controlled release, thereby circumventing the adverse effects caused by excessive local concentration of BMP2. The cryogel exhibited over 20 kPa compressive strength, favorable cyclic compression resistance, and controlled degradation (∼50% mass loss in 28 days). Hemocompatibility assays confirmed its safety, while dMBG incorporation enhanced blood cell adhesion and hemostatic efficacy without compromising biocompatibility. In vitro tests showed that the composite promoted mice bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) migration and osteogenic differentiation by upregulating ALP activity, calcium nodule formation, and osteogenesis-related genes. This multifunctional material integrates hemostasis, structural support, and bioactivity, offering great potential for the clinical treatment of hemorrhagic bone defects.

Bioactive electrospun chitosan/magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite nanocomposite scaffold co-loaded with icariin, lithium chloride and naringin for enhanced osteogenesis, antibacterial activity and bone regeneration in vitro and in vivo

The bioactive chitosan/Mg-HAp nanocomposite scaffold effectively promotes bone regeneration by enhancing osteogenic signaling pathways and exhibits strong potential for bone tissue engineering applications.

Bioinspired conductive and antibacterial hydrogel bionanocomposite based on tragacanth gum, polyaniline and osteoconductive SiO2 nanoparticles as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering application.

The developed scaffold showed higher cell viability value than control groups than control groups, and confirmed cells proliferation potential of the scaffold at prolonged times, and future studies should explore in vivo performance and long-term functionality of the scaffold.

Cryogenic 3D-Printed PLGA/Nano-selenium Scaffold for Bone Regeneration: A Dual-Functional Strategy Synergistically Regulating Macrophage Polarization and Osteogenic Differentiation

Autologous and allogeneic bone grafts are primarily used for bone tissue defects; however, they have limitations such as limited supply, donor site morbidity, and immune rejection risks. Therefore, substitute synthetic bone grafts are required. Using low-temperature 3D printing combined with freeze-drying technology, a hierarchically porous PLGA/HA@SeNPs composite scaffold was fabricated by compositing poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) with hyaluronic acid-modified selenium nanoparticles (HA@SeNPs), enabling sustained immunomodulation and osteogenic activity through its engineered microtopography and bioactive components. In vitro evaluations confirmed that the unique microstructure and sustained selenium release from HA@SeNPs synergistically promoted macrophage polarization toward the M2 phenotype, accompanied by enhanced osteogenic differentiation as shown by upregulation of Runx2 and OCN and accelerated matrix mineralization. Implantation into a rat femoral critical-sized defect model resulted in substantially improved bone repair and architectural restoration. These findings indicate that the intrinsic physicochemical properties of the PLGA/HA@SeNPs scaffold orchestrate a favorable osteo-immune environment, positioning it as a promising platform for bone regeneration.

Development of biomimetic mouldable osseous scaffold engineered from bioactive decellularized extracellular matrix-polymer-gel composite: a potential bone substitute

3D-printed BaTiO3-modified PCL/β-TCP scaffolds with multimodal optimization for enhanced critical-size bone regeneration.

Overall, PTB4 achieved the best balance among printability, mechanical compatibility, cytocompatibility, angiogenesis-related activity, and osteogenic performance, supporting low-dose BT modification as a promising strategy for safe, printable scaffolds for critical-size craniofacial and oral bone defect repair.