Biopolymers: Nature-Inspired Solutions for a Sustainable Industrial Future

Abstract

Today, the problem of accumulation and disposal of polymer waste is relevant for the environment. In this regard, there is a need to search for alternative ways to solve it, namely the transition to environmentally friendly materials that have the ability to biodegrade. Thus, biopolymers- an innovative class of materials is of increasing interest to researchers and specialists in various fields related to health care, environmental sustainability and industrial innovation. Further development of this topic requires joint research to fully understand both the fundamental properties and the practical application of biopolymer for new organic materials. Biopolymers are inherently flexible and versatile, as they can be produced using biological systems or derived from natural resources. They are typically categorized into two main types based on their origin: synthetic biopolymers and natural biopolymers. Categorizing biopolymers based on their sources, structures, and properties, and compares their characteristics and potentials in various fields. Currently, biocompatible and non-toxic biopolymers such as cellulose, starch, gelatin, chitosan, PCL, PHA, PLA and polyglutamic acids are being utilized to develop effective systems by providing safe, effective, and sustainable solutions. Grasping the fundamental characteristics of biopolymers, including their chemical, mechanical, physical, and thermal properties, is vital for exploring their practical uses. This review article explores biopolymers from both natural and synthetic sources, including applications in biomedical fields, food packaging, agriculture, and environmental remediation. By analyzing the advancements achieved in biopolymer research over recent decades, this article provides valuable insights into emerging trends and serves as reference for future investigations in this dynamic field.