Jul 2026· Genetics and Molecular Research· 0 citations· 20 references
TL;DR
It may be suggested that the lotus petals methanolic extract can bring hepatorenal and lipid metabolic balance to normal condition and the dose of 750 mg/kg exhibited the maximum response with respect to the other doses of lotus petals methanolic extract tested.
Abstract
Background: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) is a common experimental toxicant which causes a high degree of serum biochemical changes associated with liver, kidney and lipid metabolic dysfunctions. The Nelumbo nucifera has been reported to have significant pharmacological properties such as antioxidant and hepatoprotective property. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the biochemical effects of lotus petals methanolic extract of N. nucifera against CCl₄ induced toxicity in albino Wistar rats. Methodology: The lotus petals methanolic extract was obtained from the fresh N. nucifera petals. Albino Wistar rats were further subdivided into four groups: control group, CCl₄ only group, lotus petals methanolic extract at 250, 500 and 750 mg/kg b.w. and silymarin standard group. The protective effect of the lotus petals methanolic extract was investigated by serum biochemical markers such as AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol. Results: Serum hepatic enzyme markers, bilirubin, renal function markers and lipid profile markers were significantly raised after administration of CCl₄, suggesting biochemical disruption and systemic toxicity. Treatment with lotus petals methanolic extract improved all the serum biochemical parameters in a dose dependent manner. The lotus petals methanolic extract treated group at the highest dose (750 mg/kg) was the most protective against the CCl₄ induced alteration of the AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, urea, creatinine, triglyceride and cholesterol. Conclusion: Lotus petals methanolic extract showed significant protective effect in terms of serum biochemical parameters against CCl₄-induced toxicity. From the result obtained it may be suggested that the lotus petals methanolic extract can bring hepatorenal and lipid metabolic balance to normal condition and the dose of 750 mg/kg exhibited the maximum response with respect to the other doses of lotus petals methanolic extract tested.
Pesticide exposure is a growing health concern globally because of its toxic effects on vital organs. Present research was conducted to investigate the effects of bromoxynil on the liver and kidney, along with the protective potential of Nigella sativa extract. Experimental animals were divided into four groups: control(Co), Nigella sativa extract alone(NS), bromoxynil-treated (BO), and combined treatment(BO + NS). Histological, micrometric and blood chemical parameters were measured following 10,15- and 25-days experimental period. Biochemical analysis revealed that bromoxynil exposure significantly increased serum liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP) and renal function markers (urea, creatinine), over different experimental periods indicating hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Hematological alterations including reduced red blood cells and hemoglobin with increased white blood cells reflected systemic stress. Histological examinations confirmed these findings, where bromoxynil caused severe hepatic alterations such as vacuolated hepatocytes, pyknotic nuclei and disrupted sinusoidal architecture while kidney sections showed shrunken glomeruli, widened periglomerular spaces and degenerated tubular cells. In contrast, animals treated with Nigella sativa displayed marked improvement. The extract stabilized liver and kidney functions restored hematological balance and preserved normal tissue structures. Overall, our findings highlight the dual threat of bromoxynil toxicity and the therapeutic potential of Nigella sativa in protecting vital organs against pesticide induced damage.
A. Batool, J. Ikram, Muhammad Fayyaz Ur Rehman et al.· Journal of Basic and Applied...· 0 citations
Potassium bromate (KBr) is a potent oxidizing agent that induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and hepatic injury. This study evaluated the protective effects of Solanum aethiopicum leaf extract against KBr-induced alterations in liver function and inflammatory cytokines in Wistar rats. Thirty Wistar rats (140–150 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6): normal control, KBr (50 mg/kg), KBr + S. aethiopicum extract (300 mg/kg), KBr + S. aethiopicum extract (600 mg/kg), and KBr + vitamin C (100 mg/kg). Potassium bromate was administered for two weeks before treatment with the extract or vitamin C. Serum liver function indices (total protein, albumin, globulin, ALT, AST, ALP, and total bilirubin) and inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β and TNF-α) were determined using standard spectrophotometric methods. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Potassium bromate significantly disrupted liver function parameters and reduced (P < 0.05) IL-1β levels compared with the control, indicating hepatic dysfunction and impaired inflammatory homeostasis. Treatment with S. aethiopicum extract significantly restored IL-1β concentrations while maintaining TNF-α levels comparable to the control. The extract also ameliorated KBr-induced alterations in serum proteins and bilirubin. In conclusion, S. aethiopicum leaf extract protected against potassium bromate-induced hepatic dysfunction and inflammatory disturbances, supporting its potential as a natural hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory agent. Further studies are recommended to elucidate its underlying mechanisms of action.
Keywords: inflammation, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, potassium bromate, Solanum aethiopicum.
Okon Victoria Edem, Idam Benedict Umagu, I. Nnah· IAA Journal of Biological Sc...· 0 citations
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Chlorpyrifos (CPF), one of the most widely used organophosphorus (OP) insecticides, exerts its toxic effects in part by inducing oxidative stress. Despite increasing recognition of natural antioxidants as potential countermeasures, the efficacy of asiatic acid (AA), a bioactive triterpenoid from Centella asiatica, against CPF-induced toxicity remains unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of AA against CPF-incuded toxicity model in rats by analyzing biochemical and histological parameters in serum, liver, and brain tissues.
Material and Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (n=30) were randomly divided into five groups: control, CPF (279 mg/kg, subcutaneously), and three AA-pretreated groups (35, 70, and 140 mg/kg, per os) for 14 days prior to CPF exposure. Oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)] and antioxidant enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] were measured in serum, liver, and brain. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses assessed tissue injury and apoptotic responses.
Results: AA administration significantly attenuated CPF-induced oxidative damage and restored antioxidant defenses in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathological analyses confirmed that AA mitigated hepatic and neuronal damage and preserved tissue architecture. Immunohistochemistry revealed that AA suppressed CPF-induced upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), indicating reduced apoptosis.
Conclusion: This study provides the first demonstration that AA exerts robust systemic antioxidative, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective effects against CPF-induced toxicity. These findings highlight AA’s therapeutic potential for mitigating organophosphate pesticide poisoning, warranting further translational research.
Keywords: Asiatic acid, chlorpyrifos, hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, organophosphate toxicity, oxidative stress
Özge Darakcı Saltık, H. Balcı, Figen Güzelgül et al.· Yüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi...· 0 citations
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE
Digera muricata (DM) contains phenolic compounds and quercetin and β-caryophyllene, which exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. The present study was conducted with the objective of examining the hepatoprotective role of DM ethanolic extract in a hepatotoxic model of Sprague-Dawley rats.
METHODS
Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were divided into the following groups: Normal Control (NC); hepatotoxic disease control (DC); hepatotoxic group treated with a low dose (LD) of DM (LDDM-INH+RIF); hepatotoxic group treated with a high dose (HD) of DM (HDDMINH+RIF), and reference control (RC) standard drug silymarin for 21 days. The hepatoprotective action was explored by measuring various liver function enzymes and lipid profiles. Oxidative stress parameters were investigated by their concentrations in the plasma and liver tissue of all study groups.
RESULTS
Spectroscopic analysis revealed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of DM extract were 69.48 mg Gallic Acid Equivalents per gram (GAE/g) and 49.59 mg Catechin Equivalents per gram (CE/g), respectively. Gallic acid (6.89 mg/g) and rutin (24.78 mg/g) were identified as the predominant phenolic compounds. The extract exhibited 2,2-Diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity with an IC50 of 179 µg/mL compared to 20.65 µg/mL for BHT.
DISCUSSION
Treatment with DM significantly (p < 0.05) decreased serum cholesterol, total protein, and triglyceride levels in LDDM-INH+RIF and HDDM-INH+RIF groups relative to hepatotoxic control. Similarly, plasma liver function enzymes were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant analysis indicated a significant (p < 0.05) elevation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), accompanied by a significant decline in malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in both plasma and liver tissues compared with the disease control group.
CONCLUSION
DM exhibited significant hepatoprotective effects in isoniazid- and rifampicininduced hepatotoxic rats, primarily through its antioxidant activity. The extract enhanced hepatic and plasma antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH) while reducing lipid peroxidation (MDA). It also normalized liver function markers, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, consistent with histopathological improvements. These protective effects are attributed to the phenolic and flavonoid constituents of the extract.
Bushra Shaukat, Md. Mujahid, M. Rahman et al.· Recent advances in inflammat...· 0 citations
Similar to viral hepatitis in humans, paracetamol causes liver damage. Recent developments indicate that traditional plants have been used to treat hepatotoxicity. The current study has been performed to investigate the effectiveness of Lannea coromandelica (LC) bark in reducing the hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol in rats due to its application in folk medicine. Rats (150–200 g) were split up into 5 groups (n=6). Paracetamol (600 mg/kg body weight) was given once daily for a week, causing acute hepatotoxicity, while the plant extract under investigation was taken orally at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight for the duration of the experiment. As is customary for hepatoprotective medications, silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.) was administered orally. Hepatoprotection was ascertained by estimating biochemical indicators such as ALT, AST, ALP, total protein, albumin and globulin level.Treatment with LC extracts significantly attenuated the increased plasma levels of ALT (p<0.05), AST (p<0.05) and ALP (p<0.001) level whereas insignificantly improved total protein, albumin and globulin level. The extract insignificantly progressed the body weight and significantly increased the liver weight (p<0.05) as compared to the disease control animals. The estimated biomarkers provide evidence that the Lannea coromandelica bark extract has shown hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in rats.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 29(2): 254-260, 2026 (July)
Md Rashed Hossen, Khaleda Nahid, M. Rahman et al.· Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Jo...· 0 citations
Liver diseases are a major global health burden, and oxidative stress plays
a key role in the development of hepatocellular injury. Mimusops elengi L. fruits contain bioactive
phytochemicals with reported antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective
activity of aqueous Mimusops elengi fruit extract against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced
liver injury in Wistar rats.
Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into five groups (n = 5). Hepatic injury was
induced using CCl4 (1 mL/kg, i.p.) for 15 days. Animals received Mimusops elengi fruit extract (200
and 400 mg/kg, orally) or silymarin (25 mg/kg). Serum ALT, AST, and catalase activity were evaluated,
followed by histopathological examination of liver tissues.
CCl4 administration significantly increased serum ALT and AST levels while reducing catalase
activity, indicating severe hepatic injury. Treatment with Mimusops elengi fruit extract significantly
reduced liver enzyme levels and improved antioxidant status in a dose-dependent manner.
Histopathological examination demonstrated preservation of hepatic architecture, reduced necrosis
and decreased inflammatory changes, particularly at 400 mg/kg.
The hepatopr tective activity observed may be attributed to the antioxidant and membrane-
stabilizing properties of flavonoids, tannins, and saponins present in Mimusops elengi fruits.
The biochemical and histopathological findings collectively support the traditional medicinal use of
this plant for liver protection and suggest its potential as a natural hepatoprotective agent.
Mimusops elengi fruit extract exhibits significant hepatoprotective effects against
CCl4-induced liver injury, likely mediated through antioxidant mechanisms. These findings support
its potential as a natural therapeutic agent, although further studies are required to elucidate its active
constituents and molecular pathways.
Nisha Chandila, Suresh Kumar, Manoj Kashyap· The International Journal of...· 0 citations
