Effectiveness of Nutritional Education Interventions on Glycemic Outcomes Among Low-Income Patients With Type 2 Diabetes in Lodhran

Effectiveness of a Nutrition Promotion Intervention on Glycaemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Quasi-experimental Study

The study observed reductions in glycaemic parameters after a nutrition promotion intervention in regulating the blood glucose levels among T2DM patients and supported the importance and effect of customised nutrition counselling and health education in diabetes management to improve glycaemic control.

Assessment of the Effect of Diabetes Education and Knowledge on Management Outcomes

Objective: Diabetes education is a key component of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management. However, evidence from Nigeria on the effectiveness of diabetes education remains limited. This study evaluated the impact of a structured education program on diabetes knowledge, glycemic control, and some metabolic parameters among adults with T2DM. Materials and Methods: This single-group interventional study consecutively recruited T2DM adults attending a tertiary diabetes clinic. The intervention was initially planned with a three months follow-up but was terminated at four weeks due to substantial loss to follow-up. Participants received three structured diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) sessions at baseline (week 0), week 2 and week 4. Diabetes knowledge was assessed at baseline and at four weeks using the Michigan Brief Diabetes Knowledge Test. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained from structured proformas and medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at P< 0.05. Results: A total of 118 participants were enrolled (mean age 58.25± 14.26 years; 63.3% female). At baseline, only 36% achieved good diabetes knowledge (≥ 65%); this increased significantly to 85% after the education program (P= 0.01). Significant improvements were also observed in fasting blood glucose (P= 0.01) and blood pressure (P= 0.04). Independent predictors of good diabetes knowledge included shorter disease duration (< 10 years), regular exercise, and better short-term glycemic control. Conclusion: Structured diabetes education significantly improved diabetes knowledge and short-term clinical outcomes. Incorporating structured education into routine diabetes care may help reduce the burden of T2DM in Nigeria.

Association between educational attainment and diabetes self-management, glycemic control, and health outcomes among older Nigerian adults with type 2 diabetes.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE This study investigated how educational disparities affect self-management practices, glycemic control, and diabetes-related health outcomes among older adults living with type 2 diabetes in Nigeria. Findings were interpreted to identify implications for geriatric nursing practice, education, research, and policy in low-resource settings. METHODS A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to May 2025 across 30 communities in Nigeria's six geopolitical zones. A stratified cluster sampling technique was employed, enrolling 896 participants aged ≥60 years with confirmed type 2 diabetes. Data were collected using the validated Type 2 Diabetes Assessment Questionnaire (T2DAQ) through domiciliary and clinic-based interviews. Statistical analyses included descriptive summaries, chi-square tests, and logistic regression, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Of the 896 participants, 65.3% had lower education. Higher education was significantly associated with better diabetes knowledge, medication adherence (42.6%vs. 22.8%; p = 0.034), dietary compliance (38.1%vs. 33.3%; p = 0.011), and glycemic control (p = 0.024). Urban residency (OR = 2.0), absence of comorbidities (OR = 0.63), and alcohol use (OR = 1.72) predicted higher education, while tobacco use and rural residence were negatively associated. CONCLUSIONS Educational attainment significantly influences diabetes self-management and outcomes among older Nigerian adults. Geriatric nursing should incorporate health literacy screening and simplified, culturally tailored education. Nurse training curricula must emphasize adaptive strategies for low-literacy patients. Policy reforms should embed structured Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) into primary care. Future research should evaluate longitudinal impacts of education-sensitive interventions to promote equitable chronic disease care in aging populations.

A Community-Based, Dietician-Led Nutrition Education Intervention to Improve Glycemic Control in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in an Underserved Urban Community

Nutritional Knowledge, Attitude, Eating Behavior, and Dietary Intake in Relation to Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Rural Thailand

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an increasing public health concern in Thailand, particularly in rural communities where dietary practices and contextual factors may influence glycemic control. This study aimed to assess nutritional knowledge, attitude, and eating behavior using the Knowledge–Attitude–Practice (KAP) framework and to compare nutritional intake profiles between patients with controlled and uncontrolled glycemic status. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 70 patients with T2DM attending a health-promoting hospital in northeastern Thailand. Participants were classified into glycemic-controlled (GC; HbA1c < 7%, n = 36) and glycemic-uncontrolled (UC; HbA1c ≥ 7%, n = 34) groups. Data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire covering demographics, anthropometry, body composition, biochemical parameters, and KAP domains. Dietary intake was assessed using three-day food records (two weekdays and one weekend day) and analyzed with the INMUCAL Nutrients program. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, group comparisons, logistic regression, and Spearman’s correlation. Results: Overall, participants demonstrated high levels of nutritional knowledge (71.4%) and fair attitude (52.9%), but moderate levels of appropriate eating behavior (58.6%). Eating behavior differed significantly between GC and UC groups (p = 0.038). The UC group consumed significantly higher amounts of total energy, carbohydrates, simple carbohydrates, and protein than the GC group. HbA1c and fasting blood glucose were positively correlated with total energy, carbohydrate, simple carbohydrate, and zinc intake, while protein and phosphorus intake were positively associated with fasting blood glucose only. Logistic regression analysis showed no significant associations between KAP domains and glycemic control. Conclusions: Glycemic control among rural Thai patients with T2DM was more closely related to dietary intake patterns than to nutritional knowledge or attitude alone, highlighting the need for context-specific, community-based dietary interventions.

The role of nutrition literacy in dietary patterns, body composition, and glycemic control among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVES This study investigated the relationship between nutrition literacy (NL) among adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their dietary habits, anthropometric measurements, and glycemic profiles. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted with 103 adolescents diagnosed with T1DM. NL was assessed using the Adolescent Nutrition Literacy Scale (ANLS). Dietary intake was evaluated through single-day food records. Anthropometric measurements included body weight, height, waist circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference. Glycemic control was assessed through glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels. Multivariable linear regression analyzed associations between NL and influencing factors. RESULTS NL levels ranged from moderate to high. Elevated ANLS and/or subscales were significantly associated with parental high school completion, paternal self-employment, target-range HbA1c, regular physical activity, structured meal patterns (3 meals, ≥3 snacks), and healthier dietary choices (lower fast-food and processed snacks, higher fruit/vegetable intake). Adolescents classified as having thinness based on mid-upper arm circumference demonstrated significantly lower functional NL compared to other groups. Positive correlations were observed between ANLS and/or subscale and dietary energy, protein, and micronutrients (riboflavin, pyridoxine, iron, zinc) intake, while negative associations occurred with carbohydrate and sodium consumption. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed positive relationships with age and dietary iron intake, alongside inverse relationships with HbA1c and energy intake. CONCLUSIONS Higher NL is associated with healthier lifestyle behaviors, better dietary patterns, and enhanced glycemic stability in adolescents with T1DM. Interventions aimed at enhancing NL may contribute to reducing both individual and societal burdens of T1DM by promoting improved disease management and long-term health outcomes.