Two-stage coordinated optimal scheduling strategy for a microgrid cluster considering shared energy storage leasing

Abstract

At present, the large-scale integration of distributed renewable energy sources poses significant challenges for the microgrid cluster (MGC), including high renewable output variability, large net load fluctuations, and insufficient capability for local renewable energy accommodation. Meanwhile, existing shared energy storage (SES) operation mechanisms still face issues such as simplistic pricing schemes, inadequate economic incentives, and low utilization of storage capacity. To address these issues, this paper proposes a two-stage coordinated optimal scheduling strategy for the MGC considering SES leasing. In the first stage, the optimization objectives are to minimize the net load mean square deviation and the energy storage leasing cost. A multi-objective optimization model for energy storage leasing in the MGC is developed under a tiered charging/discharging pricing mechanism based on time-of-use prices. The model is solved using the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. In the second stage, a cooperative game model for the coordinated operation of the SES and MGC is established to maximize the overall benefits of coordinated operation, and Nash bargaining theory is adopted to achieve a fair allocation of the cooperative benefits. Finally, case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy in enhancing local renewable energy accommodation, reducing the total operating cost of the MGC, and improving the economic performance of SES operation.