Aug 2026· Journal of Renewable Agricultural Technology Research· 0 citations
Abstract
This study assessed extension service delivery bias in agriculture: the crop farmers and pastoralists challenge in Niger State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 crop farmers and 40 pastoralists for the study. Data were collected with the aid of structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Kendal coefficient of concordance. Results revealed that the mean age of crop farmers and pastoralists were 36 years and 27 years respectively. Majority (89.2%) of the crop farmers and pastoralists (90.0%) were married with the mean household size of 7 people and 8 people respectively. Majority (87.0%) of the crop farmers were formally educated while majority (90.0) of pastoralists were none formally educated. Although 100.0% of crop farmers required support in accessing agricultural loans, only 20.8% received it. Pastoralists require livestock diseases control, animal health and diseases diagnostics, and all were received at rates of 48.0%, 38.2%, and 48.0% respectively. Significant bias for crop farmers included information on pest control (77.0%). Pastoralists experienced biases in extension visits to training on improved breeding techniques (63.0%) and remote areas (75.0%). The challenges faced by crop farmers in accessing extension services were inadequate extension visits ( = 7.39) and high cost of transportation to extension service centers ( = 7.08). Pastoralists faced limited availability of extension agents ( = 8.31) and language barriers ( = 7.16). Government should establish extension stations in rural areas to improve access to services and information to reduce service delivery bias was offered as recommendation.
The study aimed at evaluating the agroforestry practices and access to incentives by farmers in Southwest Nigeria. The study adopted multistage sampling techniques to sample 465 smallholder arable farmers from Oyo, Ogun, and Osun States respectively. Moreover, primary data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square (χ²) test. The parameters for the study were agroforestry practices and farmers' access to incentives. The results of the study showed that majority of respondents (61.9%) were mostly men. Moreover, majority of the respondents (87.7%) were mostly engaged in farming activities on smallholder farms with a mean farm size of 7.85 ha. Additionally, majority of respondents (81.9%) were mostly practicing cultivation of multipurpose trees on cropland, taungya (71.0%), border tree planting (63.7%), alley cropping (63.2%), improved tree fallow (62.8%) and agrisilviculture (58.1%) and live fence (52.9%) were mostly used agroforestry practices. Furthermore, the results of the study revealed that there existed a significant association between agroforestry practices and farmers' access to incentives (p < 0.01). Finally, the study found that availability of incentives could positively influence adoption and utilization of diverse agroforestry practices.
Oluwole Olalekan Oke, T. Banmeke, A. Adeoye et al.· FUDMA Journal of Sciences· 0 citations
Aims: This study examined the types of farm inputs used by arable crop farmers, assessed their level of access to key farm inputs, and analysed the determinants of input access.
Study Design: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among arable crop farmers in Rivers, Delta, and Edo States, Nigeria, from February to April 2026.
Methodology: A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 600 arable crop farmers. Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis.
Results: Most respondents were female (64%) and married (66%), with a mean age of 43 years, an average household size of six persons, and mean farming experience of 15 years. About 61% had at least secondary education, while 59% belonged to cooperative societies and 52% had access to extension services. The major inputs used were hired labour (87%), fertiliser (82%), family labour (78%), herbicides (76%), and improved seeds (73%). Access was high for improved seeds (mean = 2.93) and fertiliser (mean = 3.02), but low for mechanised services (mean = 2.19), credit (mean = 2.32), and irrigation facilities (mean = 2.07). The logistic regression model was statistically significant (LR Chi-square = 148.61, p < 0.01; pseudo R² = 0.410). Education (coefficient = 0.421), farm size (coefficient = 0.563), and cooperative membership (coefficient = 0.719) positively influenced access to farm inputs, whereas distance to market had a negative effect (coefficient = -0.487).
Conclusion: Arable crop farmers in Rivers, Delta, and Edo States had relatively better access to improved seeds and fertiliser than to mechanisation, agricultural credit, and irrigation facilities. Strengthening farmer cooperatives, improving rural road and market infrastructure, expanding farmer education, and increasing access to credit, mechanisation, and irrigation services are essential for improving farm input access and agricultural productivity.
R. R. Ishaka, O. D. Ogisi, P. O. Emaziye· Journal of basic and applied...· 0 citations
This study examined the determinants of indigenous organic farming practices adoption among cassava farmers in Kwara State, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 90 cassava farmers from Kwara State Agricultural Development Programme (KWADP) Zone C. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The results showed that 64.4% of the respondents were male, while 63.3% were within the economically active age range of 20–40 years. About 70.0% of the farmers had tertiary education, and 57.8% had household sizes of between 4–6 persons. Institutional characteristics revealed that 68.9% of the respondents were members of farmers’ associations, and majority of them 83.3% had access to extension services, most of them 71.1% had access to credit for farming activities. The logistic regression results indicated that education level (β = 0.683, p < 0.05), farming experience (β = 0.686, p < 0.05), access to extension services (β = 2.739, p < 0.01), access to credit (β = 2.645, p < 0.05), and membership of farmers’ associations (β = 1.231, p < 0.05) significantly influenced adoption of indigenous organic farming practices. Access to extension services increased the likelihood of adoption by over fifteen times. The study concludes that institutional support and farmers’ capacity-building are critical to enhancing indigenous organic farming adoption among cassava farmers. Strengthening extension delivery, improving credit access, and promoting farmers’ organizations are recommended to scale up sustainable cassava production in the study area.
Agribusiness-led contract farming has increasingly emerged as an important mechanism for integrating smallholder farmers into commercial agricultural value chains. This research evaluated the livelihood outcomes associated with participation in the Tomato Jos Out-Grower Scheme among smallholder maize farmers in Kaduna State of Nigeria. Purposive sampling method was used to choose 180 active farmers from a group of 600 registered out-growers. Structured questionnaires were used to collect primary data, which wasthen analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that most farmers are men (82.2%), own less than one hectare of land (96.7%), and rely on farming as their main source of income (72.8%). Multiple regression analysis revealed that farm size, land tenure, educational attainment, and income source significantly influenced livelihood outcomes among participating farmers. Taking part in the programme led to clear gains in crop yield, income, market access, and food security. Nevertheless, restricted access to credit persisted as the paramount limitation (97.8%). The study finds that contract farming led by agribusiness greatly improves the lives of smallholder farmers, but the results are different for people with different socio-economic backgrounds. Enhancing the efficacy of development initiatives requires policies that facilitate loan availability and secured land tenure arrangement.
M. Abdullahi, D. Abdulazeez, A. S. Haruna et al.· Agro-Science· 0 citations
Orphan crops, also known as neglected and underutilized crops, possess significant potential for improving household nutrition, agricultural resilience, and food security, yet they remain largely overlooked in agricultural development programmes in Nigeria. This study investigated the impact of orphan crop utilization on household food security among rural households in South-West Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 540 farming households from three purposively selected states (Oyo, Ogun, and Ondo). Primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Foster–Greer–Thorbecke (FGT) food security index, t-test, and probit regression model. The results showed that the respondents had a mean age of 42 years, an average farming experience of 17 years, and an average farm size of 4.85 hectares. About 76% of the households consumed orphan crops, while 73.72% of the households that utilized orphan crops in their diets were food secure compared with only 30.23% of non-utilizing households. The t-test revealed a statistically significant difference in food security status between orphan crop utilizers and non-utilizers (t = -30.807, p < 0.01). Probit regression results indicated that orphan crop utilization had a positive and highly significant impact on household food security (β = 0.953, p < 0.01). Other significant determinants of food security included age, household size, farming years of experience, education level, and farm size. The study concludes that increased utilization of orphan crops significantly enhances household food security by improving dietary diversity and strengthening the resilience of rural farming households. It therefore recommends the promotion of orphan crop production and utilization through supportive government policies, improved access to quality planting materials, extension services, research, farmer training, and market development to enhance sustainable food security in Nigeria.
A. Taiwo, W. Rasaki· Journal of Agriculture, Aqua...· 0 citations
This study investigates the extent and determinants of livelihood diversification among integrated crop- livestock farming households in North-West Nigeria. The study aimed at assessing the integrated crop- livestock farming practices and analyse the factors influencing the livelihood activities of the farmers in the study area. The study used a multistage sampling procedure consisting of 3 states, 3 agricultural zones, 21 LGAs and 84 villages. Data were collected from 405 respondents through structured questionnaires andanalysed using descriptive statistics, the Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) and Tobit regression. Findings revealed a moderate level of livelihood diversification, with an average SDI of 0.58. Farmers engaged in diverse on-farm, off-farm, and non-farm income-generating activities, with on-farm income accounting for 66.66% of the total annual household income, followed by non-farm (23.57%) and off-farm (9.77%) sources. Tobit regression results showed that household size, gender of the household head, and access to credit were significant at the 5% level, respectively while education level and income from various sources were significant at the 1% level, all positively influencing livelihood diversification. Conversely, farm size had a negative and significant relationship, suggesting that larger farms often reduce the likelihood of engaging in alternative livelihood strategies. The study concludes that diversification is a critical strategy for income stability and risk management among smallholders. It recommends enhancing access to credit, promotingrural farmer education and improving rural infrastructure to sustain and expand livelihood diversification.
M. Abdullahi, M. Sulaiman· Agro-Science· 0 citations