Comparative analysis of female breast cancer burden in China along the global sociodemographic gradient: risk attribution, decomposition, and age-period-cohort evidence from GBD 2021

Abstract

Highlights • Incidence rose slightly, while mortality declined markedly in China.• China had lower 2021 incidence and mortality than all SDI regions.• High BMI and fasting glucose reflected a growing metabolic risk shift.• Four-effect decomposition showed ageing and growth drove attributable deaths.• APC analysis showed slight incidence growth but sustained mortality decline.