Infertility in the Russian Federation in 2011–2024: incidence and prevalence of male and female infertility among the population of working age

Prevalence of male infertility in federal cities

Introduction. Although men’s reproductive health is critically important for demographic stability and social well-being of the state, the problem of male infertility remains underestimated. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of male infertility in the federal cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg. Materials and methods. Based on statistical data, a comparative analysis of the prevalence of male infertility in the cities of Moscow and St. Petersburg over a ten-year period (2014–2024) was carried out. Dynamic series methods and Student’s t-test were used to assess the significance of the differences (p<0.05). The generated pool of statistical information was processed in the MS Office-2019 and StatSoft-Statistica 10.0 programs. Results. In the structure of male infertility incidence in the Russian Federation, the two largest cities Moscow and St. Petersburg accounted for an average of 5.9±0.56% of cases during the study period, their dynamics was –0.3 percentage points (p>0.05). The incidence of male infertility in cities of federal significance differs markedly from the national values. In Moscow, the average prevalence was 14.3±1.2 cases per 100,000 adult male population, which is 5.1 times lower than the national average. In St. Petersburg, the average rate was 78.6±10.1 cases per 100,000 adult males, which is 7.4% higher than in the whole country and 5.5 times higher than the Moscow level. At the same time, there is a downward trend in these parameters in the capital, while in St. Petersburg, despite their initially higher level, there is an increase. Nevertheless, the changes in 2014–2024 are not statistically significant (p>0.05). Conclusion. With the high availability of medical care in megacities, the rates of male infertility remain disproportionately low (especially in Moscow), which indicates both the low number of men applying to medical organizations in the city and the imperfection of statistical accounting of cases of this disease. It should be noted that official statistics data include only information obtained from medical organizations of the state and municipal health systems (private clinics are not taken into account). As a result, these restrictions and socio-cultural barriers do not allow us to reliably assess the scale of the existing problem, which indicates the need for further study in order to develop effective measures to improve men’s reproductive health.

Trends in Burden of Female Infertility During 1990–2021: An Analysis of Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the global trends in the disease burden of Female Infertility (FI) from 1990 to 2021. Material and Methods Data were sourced from the GBD2021 database, which aggregates information from disease registries, cause-of-death statistics, and medical records across numerous countries and regions worldwide. The primary metrics analyzed were the age-standardized Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) and DALY rates for FI. The estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was calculated to quantify temporal trends. Regions were also categorized according to their socio-demographic index (SDI) to evaluate the association between development levels and the FI disease burden. Results Globally, the age-standardized DALY rate for FI increased from 12.32 per 100,000 in 1990 to 15.12 per 100,000 in 2021, with an EAPC of 0.71, indicating a significant upward trend. Geographically, East Asia, Eastern Europe, and South Asia had the highest age-standardized DALY rates in 2021. The most notable increases in the burden of FI were observed in Andean Latin America (EAPC: 8.11), High-income North America (EAPC: 2.91), and South Asia (EAPC: 1.85). In contrast, regions such as Oceania and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa experienced a decrease in the FI burden. When analyzed by SDI, regions with high-middle and middle SDI carried the highest overall disease burden. Meanwhile, high-SDI countries, despite having a relatively lower burden, showed the highest rate of increase. Age-specific analysis revealed that the DALY rate peaked among women aged 40–44 years, followed by a sharp decline in the 45–49 age group. Notably, contrary to the conventional developmental gradient expectation, SDI exhibited nearly no meaningful correlation with female infertility burden across all continents, with R2 values close to zero throughout the study period. Conclusion The findings from the GBD Study indicate a rising global trend in the disease burden of female infertility from 1990 to 2021. The increasing burden, particularly in high-SDI regions and among women in their late reproductive years (40–44), highlights a growing public health challenge that requires targeted interventions and resource allocation.

Epidemiological trends of primary male infertility and secondary male infertility burden in BRICS from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2035.

OBJECTIVE Male infertility is an important global reproductive health issue with implications for individuals, families, and population health. This study aimed to analyze the burden of primary male infertility (PMI) and secondary male infertility (SMI) in BRICS countries from 1990 to 2021 and project trends to 2035. METHODS PMI and SMI prevalence data were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database. Temporal trends from 1990 to 2021 were assessed using age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). Future ASPR trends to 2035 were projected using a Bayesian age-period cohort model. RESULTS In 2021, Iran had the highest ASPR of PMI, whereas Russia had the highest ASPR of SMI. From 1990 to 2021, the EAPC of PMI was positive in China, India, Brazil, and Iran. The EAPC of SMI was positive in India, the United Arab Emirates, Brazil, and Egypt during the same period. South Africa and Ethiopia showed decreasing ASPR trends. Notably, in Egypt, the SMI-to-PMI ratio increased from 0.565 in 1990 to 1.112 in 2021. In 2021, the prevalence of PMI and SMI in BRICS countries varied across age groups. From 2022 to 2035, the projected ASPR of PMI decreased in all BRICS countries except Brazil and China, while the projected ASPR of SMI increased markedly in India and exceeded the global trend. CONCLUSION The burden and trends of PMI and SMI varied across BRICS countries. Iran had the highest ASPR of PMI, whereas Russia had the highest ASPR of SMI in 2021; China and India also showed substantial SMI burdens. The projected increase in SMI in India warrants particular attention. These findings may support targeted prevention, counseling, and treatment strategies for male infertility in BRICS countries.

Infertility Among Married and Cohabiting Women Aged 18-44 Years in the U.S. Military and Civilian Populations.

Assessment of obesity prevalence and associated factors in the russian federation based on the 2024 rosstat sample survey data

Aim. To assess the prevalence of obesity and identify the factors associated with it among the adult population in the Russian Federation in order to determine the main directions for the development of measures for obesity prevention. Materials and methods. We carried out a secondary analysis of the data from the selective monitoring of the population health status by the Federal State Statistics Service for 2024. The study included data from 95,887 respondents from all regions of the Russian Federation. Descriptive statistics, χ2 test, Mann – Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and multiple logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results. The prevalence of obesity among the adult population of the Russian Federation was 23.7% (class 1 – 17.9%, class 2 – 4.7%, and class 3 – 1.6%). Significant regional differences in the prevalence of obesity were revealed: from 6.6% in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug to 34.3% in the Jewish Autonomous Oblast. The proportion of obese people was significantly higher among women (27.2% vs. 20.4% among men), rural residents (27.9% vs. 22.7% among urban residents), and respondents with low socioeconomic status. Multiple regression analysis revealed the most significant risk factors for obesity: lack of accessible sports infrastructure in the respondents’ area of residence (odds ratio (OR) = 2.71; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.608–4.471), retirement status (OR = 1.63; 95% CI: 1.548–1.707), low income (OR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.014–2.477), and low awareness of balanced nutrition (OR = 1.44; 95% CI: 1.243–1.659). Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, key areas for the development of measures for the prevention of obesity have been formulated: creating an environment that supports a healthy lifestyle; improving public health literacy; developing preventive healthcare; as well as developing and implementing measures taking into account regional specifics and the needs of various socio-demographic groups.

Malignant neoplasms of the reproductive system organs in women in the Kemerovo Region – Kuzbass: incidence, mortality, impact on life expectancy

The obtained results are recommended for use in elaborating programs for the prevention and early detection of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system organs and for use in elaborating programs for the prevention and early detection of malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system organs.