In the structure of mortality from genital malignancies, endometrial cancer ranks second after ovarian cancer, highlighting the problem's significance not only from a medical but also from a social perspective.
Abstract
Endometrial cancer ranks third among malignant neoplasms in women in Russia, following breast cancer and skin cancer; however, it ranks first among gynecologic malignancies.A steady rise in the incidence of uterine body cancer has been observed in recent decades, attributed to both the aging of the population and the accumulation of risk factors (such as obesity and hormonal disorders). In the structure of mortality from genital malignancies, endometrial cancer ranks second after ovarian cancer, highlighting the problem's significance not
only from a medical but also from a social perspective. While timely diagnosis at early stages allows for a favorable prognosis, the absence of standardized screening programs, comparable to cervical cytology screening, results in a significant proportion of cases being detected at advanced stages.
Cervical cancer remains one of the most significant challenges in modern gynecologic oncology and continues to be a leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. Despite advances in prevention, screening, and treatment, the disease remains a major public health concern, particularly in countries with limited healthcare resources. In the Kyrgyz Republic, cervical cancer occupies a leading position among malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system, with a substantial proportion of cases being diagnosed at locally advanced stages. The aim of this study was to analyze current challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of stage IIB cervical cancer in the Kyrgyz Republic based on national and international literature sources. A review of scientific publications, regulatory documents, and statistical reports related to the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cervical cancer was conducted. Data from the World Health Organization, the International Agency for Research on Cancer, and the National Center of Oncology and Hematology of the Kyrgyz Republic were analyzed. Late diagnosis, insufficient coverage of organized screening programs, limited access to modern imaging technologies, and restricted availability of specialized treatment remain major challenges in cervical cancer management. Timely detection of precancerous lesions, implementation of human papillomavirus vaccination programs, and improvement of patient referral pathways may significantly reduce disease incidence and mortality. Current approaches to the treatment of stage IIB cervical cancer and their role in improving the quality and effectiveness of specialized medical care are discussed. Improvement of early detection, prevention, and treatment strategies for cervical cancer should be considered a priority direction for the development of gynecologic oncology services in the Kyrgyz Republic.
A. Amanbekov, Z. Kurmanalieva, Ch.A. Stakeeva et al.· Bulletin of Science and Prac...· 0 citations
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its incidence is rising continuously worldwide. According to recent global cancer statistics, there were about 417,000 new cases and 97,000 deaths from EC in 2020(1). The standard treatment for EC is hysterectomy, which undoubtedly deprives some young patients of their fertility. Fertility-sparing treatment (FST) for endometrial cancer allows these women to preserve fertility before undergoing standard treatment. Traditional fertility-sparing regimens are mainly based on progestin. However, in recent years, with the application of molecular classification, some studies have found that among patients undergoing FST, women with POLE mutations (POLE-mut) often have a higher complete remission (CR) rate, while those with P53 abnormal (P53abn) or mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) have poor prognosis. Among them, patients with dMMR endometrial cancer seem to have a higher recurrence rate after achieving complete remission through progestin treatment. Currently, fertility-sparing treatment regimens for dMMR patients are being gradually studied, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) may play a key role in the treatment.
Jing Li, Shixiang Dong, Dongdong Hu et al.· Frontiers in Oncology· 0 citations
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is a significant contributor to the global female cancer burden. Its incidence in India is rising because of increasing life expectancy and metabolic risk factors, although Indian outcome data remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of uterine malignancies and assess their oncological outcomes in an Indian cohort.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care centre over a five-year period (2020–2025). Seventy (70) women were included following histopathological confirmation of uterine malignancy. Data on clinical presentation, histological subtype, staging, treatment, and outcomes were recorded and analysed using descriptive statistics.
Results: The mean age was in the sixth decade, with 88.6% of patients being postmenopausal. Endometrioid adenocarcinoma was the most common histological subtype (75.7%), followed by serous carcinoma (7.1%), carcinosarcoma (4.3%), and clear cell carcinoma (4.3%). Most patients presented at FIGO Stage I (61.5%) and underwent primary surgical management. Adjuvant therapy was administered in 32.9% of cases based on stage and risk factors. At a median follow-up, 72.9% of patients were alive and recurrence was observed in only 1.4%. Binary logistic regression showed that none of the individual pathological factor’s tumour grade, histology, LVSI, myometrial invasion, or cervical stromal involvement significantly predicted lymph node involvement.
Conclusion: Endometrioid carcinoma remains the predominant uterine malignancy in Indian women, typically presenting in postmenopausal women at an early stage with favourable outcomes. Given the inability of conventional pathological risk factors to reliably predict nodal involvement, comprehensive surgical staging using sentinel lymph node mapping or systematic lymphadenectomy should be considered in all cases, irrespective of initial stage.
Dinesh Kumar, G. Yadav, Pratibha Singh et al.· International Journal of Rep...· 0 citations
Prostate cancer is the most common male malignancy in Morocco and a growing public health concern across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Despite a rising incidence, the majority of prostate cancer cases in Morocco and similar low- and middle-income settings continue to be diagnosed at advanced stages, contributing to poor survival outcomes and a disproportionately high mortality-to-incidence ratio compared with high-income countries. This mini-review examines the epidemiological burden of prostate cancer in Morocco, identifies the multilevel barriers contributing to late diagnosis, including the absence of organized screening programs, limited public awareness, healthcare system constraints, and socioeconomic factors, and discusses current national cancer control efforts and future perspectives for improving early detection.
M. A. Elafari, Mohamed Amine Zaki, A. Mamad et al.· SAS Journal of Medicine· 0 citations
Introduction: Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries, with a rising incidence associated with obesity and diabetes. In Uruguay, it ranks third in incidence among gynecologic cancers, after breast and cervical cancer. Lymph node status is one of the most important prognostic factors in this disease, as it influences prognosis and the need for adjuvant treatment. The sentinel lymph node (SLN) technique is an alternative to systematic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer, with a lower incidence of complications and without compromising oncologic outcomes. Objective: To describe the results obtained using the sentinel lymph node technique in patients with endometrial cancer treated at Hospital de la Mujer «Dra. Paulina Luisi». Materials and methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, including patients with endometrial cancer assessed using the SLN technique between January 2022 and December 2023. Results: Forty-six patients were included, with a mean age of 56.2 years. The mean BMI was 34.9 kg/m². The detection rate was 87%. The SLN was identified bilaterally in 84.7% of cases and in at least one hemipelvis in 89%; the most frequent locations were the obturator and external iliac regions. Final histopathologic examination of the SLNs was positive in two cases. Conclusions: The SLN technique for endometrial cancer is applicable in our department, with detection rates similar to those reported in the international literature.
Lucía Castelgrande, Valeria Tolosa, Josefina Tarigo et al.· Revista Médica del Uruguay· 0 citations
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer affecting women globally and is the leading cause of cancer death in 103 countries, including India. Recent studies have shown an upsurge in the incidence of breast BC in young Indian women. It is marked by aggressive histological grade, unfavorable hormone status, and higher death rate. The entire process of screening and treatment of young breast cancer (YBC) patients differs from that of postmenopausal BC patients. Relevant issues like fertility preservation, body image reconstruction, and many other psycho-social issues have to be kept in mind while treating YBC so that the quality of life is maintained post-treatment. Cancer in young women is devastating, as they are working either as breadwinners or homemakers supporting their families. The implications are massive as it shatters them financially, socially, and physically. Though Odisha is a large state with a population of 46.446 million, the Population-based Cancer Registry was established in 2022. So, in the absence of properly compiled data, the oncologists' perceptions can help to comprehend the complete picture of the clinical presentation of BC and the challenges in management in the state of Odisha.
An online questionnaire was given to 40 Oncologists prctising in the state of Odisha, India. The questionnaire had five aspects: first, the demographic status of the respondents; second, the screening, treatment, and planning strategy; third, post-operative issues; fourth, psycho- social issues; and the last part was the recommendation by the oncologists to improve the status of premenopausal women suffering from BC.
The questionnaire survey considered 30-45 years as the age group of young women BC patients. About 68% oncologists confirmed that breast was the most common type of cancer seen in young Indian women, and the maximum number of young women were in American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage 2 at the time of diagnosis. Late marriage and nulliparity were the most common risk factors associated with BC in young women. Surprisingly, only 10-30% patients opt for Breast Conservation Surgery (BCS), and 30-60% patients are given Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) is the most preferred imaging for YBC patients. Most of the doctors recommend gene testing only when the disease is familial. Only 36.4% oncologists said that they always recommend fertility preservation for YBC patients, and egg and embryo freezing was the most preferred method. Early menopause was the most common adverse effect seen post-treatment. The most common psychosocial issue that they observed in young patients was fear of disease recurrence, followed by depression due to a changed body image. Oncologists were of the view that screening healthy individuals who are at high risk could reduce the incidence of BC in young women of India.
Despite the widespread availability of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment for BC, YBC patients are treated in the traditional way in the majority of cases. It is necessary that practices that are more sensitive to biological, physiological, and psycho-social issues of patients should be followed, which would ultimately improve the survival and quality of life of YBC patients. Further, the treatment should be more patient-centric, and more emphasis should be given on screening and awareness programs to reduce the early onset of the disease.
Sabyasachi Parida, Pragyan Roy· Asian Journal of Oncology· 0 citations