Increasing incidence of hepatobiliary cancer in adolescents and young adult females: a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database study.

Mortality trends of gallbladder cancer in middle-aged and older adults in the United States: a CDC WONDER analysis from 1999 to 2023

Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare but highly lethal malignancy, often diagnosed at advanced stages due to the absence of early symptoms. Although its incidence is relatively low in the United States, marked demographic and geographic disparities persist, and long-term national mortality trends remain insufficiently characterized. Methods We analyzed gallbladder cancer·–related deaths (ICD-10 code C23) among U.S. adults aged 45 years and older from 1999 to 2023 using the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 were calculated. For age-stratified analyses, crude mortality rates were used instead of AAMRs, as age adjustment within predefined strata is inappropriate. Temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC) overall and by sex, age group, race and ethnicity, census region, and urbanization level. Results During the study period, 50,938 gallbladder cancer–related deaths were recorded. Overall, the AAMR declined from 2.10 per 100,000 in 1999 to 1.39 per 100,000 in 2023, with significant decreases across multiple time intervals (AAPC = -1.76, 95% CI: -2.16 to -1.36, P ≤ 0.05). Mortality increased markedly with age, and individuals aged 85 years and older consistently exhibited the highest rates. Females had higher mortality rates than males throughout the study period (1.72 vs. 1.01 per 100,000 in 2023), although declining trends were observed in both sexes. Significant reductions in mortality were observed among Hispanic, non-Hispanic White, and non-Hispanic Other populations; however, no significant decline was observed among non-Hispanic Black individuals (AAPC = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.60 to 0.33, P > 0.05). Regionally, mortality was highest in the Northeast and lowest in the South. Mortality rates were consistently higher in metropolitan than in non-metropolitan areas (1.51 vs. 1.48 per 100,000 in 2020). Conclusion Although gallbladder cancer mortality among middle-aged and older adults in the United States has declined over the past two decades, this improvement has been uneven. Persistent disparities by age, sex, race and ethnicity, region, and urbanization remain, particularly among non-Hispanic Black populations. These findings underscore the need for targeted and equitable public health strategies to further reduce gallbladder cancer mortality.

Sex- and site-specific trends in cancer incidence and survival among adolescents and young adults in Taiwan, 2003-2020.

BACKGROUND Cancer patterns among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15-39 years) differ markedly from those observed in pediatric and older populations; however, long-term epidemiological data from Asian populations remain limited. The primary purpose of this study was to characterize temporal and site-specific trends in AYA cancer incidence and survival in Taiwan over an 18-year period. METHODS Using the Taiwan Cancer Registry, all malignancies diagnosed in individuals aged 15-39 years between 2003 and 2020 were analyzed. Cancer sites were classified according to the AYA Site Recode 2020 Revision. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) were calculated using the WHO 2000 standard population, and temporal trends were assessed using joinpoint regression to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Five-year overall survival was estimated using the complete analysis approach. RESULTS Among 107,063 AYA cancers (ASR 62.0 per 100,000), carcinomas predominated (ASR 44.8), with breast, gastrointestinal, and thyroid malignancies accounting for the largest proportions. Overall incidence increased over the study period (AAPC = 1.47%; 95% CI = 1.231.71), mainly reflecting rising rates of breast, thyroid, and lung carcinomas in females. Incidence among males remained stable, with declines in head-and-neck and liver/intrahepatic bile duct carcinomas offset by increases in thyroid and lung malignancies. Five-year overall survival improved from 67.5% in 2003-2005 to 82.1% in 2016-2020, with improvements observed in most major diagnostic categories. CONCLUSIONS AYA cancer incidence and survival in Taiwan changed substantially over two decades, with marked sex- and site-specific heterogeneity. These findings provide population-based evidence to inform cancer control and resource planning in Asian settings.

Mortality trends in US patients with gynecologic cancer and cardiovascular disease.

OBJECTIVES Female genital organ cancers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are major contributors to women's morbidity and mortality. Improved cancer survival and increasing cardiometabolic risk may amplify their coexistence, yet population-level mortality patterns remain unclear. METHODS This study analyzed US national death certificate data (1999-2023) for women aged ≥25 years with both gynecologic cancer (ICD‑10 codes C51-C58) and CVD (ICD‑10 codes I00-I99). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated using the 2000 US standard population. Joinpoint regression estimated the annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC), stratified by age, race, region and urbanization. RESULTS A total of 210,966 deaths were identified, representing a 49.0% increase over the study period. The overall AAMR remained stable (7.50-7.62 per 100,000; AAPC 0.01%). Mortality was highest among women aged ≥85 years, with a marked rise after 2018 (APC 5.55%). The West showed sustained increases, whereas the Northeast experienced early declines. Non-Hispanic Black women and non-metropolitan residents consistently had the highest mortality. CONCLUSION Although overall mortality remained stable, substantial age, racial, geographic and rural-urban disparities persist. These findings highlight the need for integrated cardio-oncology care and targeted strategies to reduce structural inequities.

A nationwide study on incidence and mortality of major salivary gland malignancies 2007-2020.

PURPOSE Malignant major salivary gland tumors (MMSGTs) are rare neoplasms with increasing incidence. This study aimed to assess Serbia's epidemiological trends of MMSGTs over a 14-year period and compare them with global epidemiological patterns. METHODS A retrospective descriptive epidemiological study was performed using national data from the Institute for Public Health spanning 2007 to 2020. MMSGT cases were identified using ICD-10 codes C07 and C08 (malignant neoplasms of the parotid gland and malignant neoplasm of other and unspecified major salivary gland including sublingual and submandibular glands, respectively). Standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 population, and linear regression analysis was used to evaluate temporal trends. RESULTS The average standardized incidence rate of MMSGTs was 0.68 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 0.53-0.83), while the average standardized mortality rate was 0.32 per 100,000 persons (95% CI: 0.23-0.42). Linear regression analysis demonstrated no significant trend in incidence in the overall population (p = 0.089) or among males (p = 0.707). In contrast, incidence increased among females (β = 0.0233, R² = 0.377, p = 0.019), corresponding to an estimated annual percent change of 4.1% (95% CI: 0.5%-7.8%). No significant trends in mortality were identified. CONCLUSIONS This nationwide population-based analysis provides the first assessment of MMSGT incidence and mortality trends in Serbia. Although overall incidence and mortality remained stable between 2007 and 2020, a significant increase in incidence was observed among females. Continued surveillance and improved registry granularity, including histological and age-specific data, are needed to better characterize evolving epidemiological patterns.

Trends and disparities in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma mortality in the United States, 1999–2024: a CDC WONDER analysis

Background Contemporary national estimates of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) mortality extending through 2024 are limited. We examined long-term temporal trends and demographic and geographic disparities in ICC mortality among adults in the United States. Methods We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (CDC WONDER) Underlying Cause of Death databases. Deaths among US adults aged 25 years or older from 1999 through 2024 were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision code C22.1 as the underlying cause of death. Mortality was examined by year, sex, age, race and ethnicity, US Census region, and state from 1999 through 2024; urban–rural analyses were restricted to 1999–2020 because later data were unavailable in the extracted database. Crude mortality rates and age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) per 100,000 population were calculated. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results From 1999 to 2024, 143,345 ICC deaths were recorded among adults aged 25 years or older. Annual deaths increased from 2,552 to 9,752 (282.13%), and the AAMR rose from 1.44 to 3.35 per 100,000 (AAPC, 3.38%; 95% CI, 3.24%–3.52%). In 2024, the AAMR was higher in men than women (3.70 vs 3.11), although the increase was faster in women (AAPC, 3.56% vs 3.15%). Adults aged 85 years or older had the highest crude mortality rate (16.89), whereas those aged 35–44 years had the fastest increase (AAPC, 4.13%). Hispanic individuals had the highest AAMR (3.47), while non-Hispanic Black individuals had the largest AAPC (4.03%). The Midwest had both the highest AAMR (3.68) and fastest increase (AAPC, 3.62%). From 1999 to 2020, metropolitan areas had slightly higher AAMRs and faster increases than nonmetropolitan areas. Conclusions Mortality coded to ICC increased substantially in the United States from 1999 through 2024, with marked heterogeneity by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and geography. These descriptive findings distinguish populations with high absolute mortality from those with rapid relative increases, but they do not establish the causes of the observed trends.

Mortality Trends of Biliary Tract Cancers in the United States, 1999–2023: a CDC-WONDER Analysis