Joint routing and clustered medium access control scheduling for energy-aware internet of things data dissemination

Abstract

Efficient data dissemination in large-scale internet of things (IoT) networks remain challenging due to energy constraints, congestion, and delay under dynamic network traffic. This paper introduces a joint routing and medium access control (MAC)-layer scheduling framework (JRSM), incorporating priority-aware clustering to enhance energy efficiency and reduce latency in the IoT data acquisition layer. The proposed design uniquely combines both link and broadcast scheduling with priority-aware clustering and adaptive slot allocation, ensuring collision-free transmission for high-priority, medium priority and regular traffic while maintaining optimal energy consumption. A graph-based shortest-path routing strategy is employed to optimize path selection with minimal operational cost, while MAC scheduling ensures efficient radio resource allocation and two-hop collision avoidance. Simulation results clearly demonstrates that JRSM improves average remaining energy by approx. 2% compared to sensor MAC (S-MAC) and approx. 2.2% compared to quality of service-aware MAC (Q-MAC), reduces energy dissipation by 43% versus S-MAC and 4% versus Q-MAC, and lowers average packet latency by 26.5% compared to S-MAC and 19.3% compared to Q-MAC, highlighting its effectiveness in balancing energy efficiency and delay performance in IoT networks.