A Review of Phytoremediation of Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil Using Legumes and Cereal Crops

Abstract

Hydrocarbon contamination of soil is a significant environmental challenge that results from industrial activities, oil spills, and improper waste disposal. Phytoremediation, the use of plants to remediate polluted environments, has emerged as an eco-friendly and cost-effective solution. Legumes and cereal crops play an essential role in phytoremediation due to their unique biological and physiological characteristics. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which legumes and cereals facilitate hydrocarbon degradation, their synergistic effects, and factors influencing remediation efficiency. Additionally, it discusses case studies and challenges associated with phytoremediation in hydrocarbon-contaminated soils.