Interference Minimization Algorithm in C-Band for Performance Enhancement of Coexisting 5G and Satellite Radio Access Networks

Abstract

The coexistence of terrestrial 5G networks and Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) systems in the C-band (3.4–4.2 GHz) creates significant interference challenges that degrade signal quality, spectral efficiency, and service continuity. This paper proposes an adaptive interference minimization algorithm using Nakagami-m fading for terrestrial 5G channels and Shadowed Rician fading for satellite links to model realistic propagation conditions. The algorithm integrates adaptive power control, outage-aware scheduling, dynamic modulation adaptation, and interference-aware optimisation to reduce harmful interference while maintaining regulatory protection constraints. MATLAB simulations show SINR improvements of 4-6 dB, spectral efficiency gains of $25-30 \%$ (up to 5.2 bps $/ H z$), and outage probability below 5%. The proposed scheme maintains the ITU interference-to-noise threshold $(I / N-12 d B)$ in over 95% of evaluated scenarios. Results confirm improved coexistence performance compared with static guard-band and exclusion-zone methods, demonstrating the practicality of adaptive fading-aware interference management for reliable 5G satellite coexistence.