Strategies in the Prevention and Treatment of Obesity

Abstract

Objective: This study aims to present the most recent advances and the challenges encountered in the provision of pharmacological, surgical, and multidisciplinary programs for the treatment of obesity. Methods: This is a narrative literature review with a qualitative and exploratory approach, conducted in July 2025. The theoretical framework was based on studies published between 2020 and 2025, focusing on strategies for obesity prevention and treatment, particularly pharmacological therapies, bariatric surgery, and multidisciplinary programs at regional and national levels. Results: Pharmacological treatment demonstrated an average weight loss of 15–20% in controlled trials. Bariatric surgeries (sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass) led to remission of comorbidities in more than 50% of patients. Multidisciplinary programs improved treatment adherence and metabolic parameters. Conclusion: The combination of pharmacotherapy, surgery, and multidisciplinary programs optimizes outcomes in obesity management. Public policies should be expanded to ensure equitable access and the implementation of integrated care teams.