Kazakhstan’s transport and logistics potential in the context of changing international trade routes

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to assess Kazakhstan’s transport and logistics potential amid the transformation of international trade routes and to identify the main directions for strengthening its role as a Eurasian transit hub. The research applies statistical, comparative, systemic, and structural analysis, together with a comparison of freight volumes, transit times, and capacity indicators across major international transport corridors. The information base includes data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan, official government materials, and reports published by the World Bank, the OECD, and other international organizations. The findings indicate that geopolitical instability, increased risks associated with the Northern Corridor through Russia, and disruptions to shipping in the Red Sea have stimulated demand for alternative routes crossing Kazakhstan. The rapid development of the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route, the expansion of the Aktau and Kuryk seaports, railway infrastructure modernization, and the digitalization of customs procedures are strengthening Kazakhstan’s competitive position in Eurasian logistics. However, the study identifies several constraints, including infrastructure bottlenecks, insufficient coordination between transport modes, inconsistent tariffs, lengthy border procedures, and risks associated with the declining level of the Caspian Sea. The study concludes that the full utilization of Kazakhstan’s transit potential requires further development of multimodal infrastructure, deeper digital integration, coordinated international tariff policies, improved logistics services, and greater private investment in transport facilities.