Phytochemical Profiling and Antimalarial Potential of Mangifera Indica L. Leaf Extracts: A Quantitative HPLC Analysis

Abstract

Malaria remains a significant global health burden, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic agents from natural sources. This study investigates the phytochemical profile of Mangifera indica (mango) leaves and evaluates its potential as a complementary antimalarial treatment. Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), bioactive compounds were identified and quantified. The analysis revealed a rich diversity of phytochemicals, with a total concentration of 23,863.69 mol/L. Quercetin was identified as the most abundant constituent (9,393.69 mol/L, 39.36%), followed by Mangifera (3,770.23 mol/L, 15.80%) and luteolin (3,440.92 mol/L, 14.42%). Other significant compounds included gallic acid (11.94%) and chlorogenic acid (5.16%). The high concentrations of these flavonoids and xanthones, known for their ability to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum growth and modulate oxidative stress, support the traditional use of M. indica in malaria management. This study provides a quantitative basis for the development of M. indica-based phytomedicines as accessible and affordable adjuncts to conventional antimalarial therapies.