NetQMPI: An MPI-Inspired Library for Programming Distributed Quantum Applications Over Quantum Networks Using NetQASM SDK

Abstract

Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) is essential for scaling quantum algorithms beyond monolithic constraints, yet current software ecosystems require tedious manual orchestration of low-level physical resources. This paper presents NetQMPI, a high-level Python framework that adapts the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard to quantum networks utilizing the Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) paradigm. Built as a middleware over the NetQASM SDK, NetQMPI completely abstracts physical network topologies and automates resource initialization through a unified Communicator interface. We introduce semantic point-to-point primitives and novel collective operations (expose and unexpose) that safely navigate the constraints of the No-Cloning Theorem by leveraging multipartite entanglement for data distribution. Our comparative analysis demonstrates that NetQMPI effectively decouples algorithmic logic from network scale, reducing code complexity for generating an <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-node GHZ state from <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(N^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> to a constant complexity of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(1)$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. Furthermore, the framework is backend-agnostic, enabling immediate execution on high-fidelity physical simulators such as NetSquid (via SquidASM) and ensuring forward compatibility with future NetQASM-compliant hardware.