Advancements in Electric Vehicle Technologies: Charging Standards, Energy Storage Systems, And Intelligent Energy Management For Sustainable Mobility

Abstract

Electric vehicles are proving to be a potential solution to cut the GHGs emissions and enhance the energy efficiency in transportation. Concurrently, advanced charging infrastructure, novel battery concepts, and smart energy management systems have evolved at a fast pace, driven by both the increasing environmental awareness and the swift advancement of technology. An extensive overview of electric vehicle technologies is presented, with a focus on charging standards, energy storage systems, and control strategies. The study compares different battery and energy storage technologies. The importance of battery management and thermal management for safe and efficient battery operation is also discussed. Moreover, rule-based and optimization-based energy management systems are presented and the integration of electrical vehicles to modern power grids through Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is discussed. In contrast to previous review papers dealing with only one particular technology used in electric vehicles, this review covers all these technologies along with energy management systems and machine learning-based optimization of them together.