Spectrum of IgE sensitization to allergen components in adults with atopic dermatitis: experience with a domestically developed allergen microarray

Abstract

Background. Molecular allergy diagnostics enable characterization of IgE sensitization to individual allergen components. Data on domestically developed multiplex platforms in adults with atopic dermatitis (AD) remain limited. Aim. To characterize IgE sensitization and its associations with clinical and laboratory features in adults with AD using a domestically developed allergen microarray. Methods. This single-center retrospective cross-sectional study included 38 adults with AD examined in 2024–2025. Serum bank samples and medical records were analyzed. Allergen-specific IgE was measured using the ProAllergy multiplex microarray comprising 36 allergen extracts and 64 molecular components; sIgE ≥0.35 kU/L was considered positive. Associations among SCORAD, total IgE, and the number of components with positive sIgE were assessed, including partial Spearman correlation adjusted for total IgE. Patients with and without asthma were also compared. Results. sIgE was detected most frequently to Bet v 1 (78.9%), Fel d 1 (42.1%), Phl p 1 (31.6%), and Art v 1 (28.9%). Among food allergens, PR-10 proteins predominated: Dau c 1 (39.5%), Cor a 1.04 (36.8%), Api g 1 (28.9%), and Fra a 1 (18.4%). SCORAD correlated with total IgE (rₛ=0.52; p0.001). After adjustment for total IgE, no association was found between SCORAD and the number of components with positive sIgE (rₛ=0.04; p=0.83). This number was higher in patients with concomitant asthma than in those without asthma: 13 [6; 19] versus 4 [2; 7] (padj.=0.009). Conclusion. Adults with AD showed heterogeneous IgE sensitization, predominantly to Bet v 1 and homologous PR-10 proteins. A broader sensitization profile was associated with total IgE and concomitant asthma, but not independently with SCORAD.