2026· Journal of Poultry Sciences and Avian Diseases· Vol 4, pp. 1-11· 0 citations
Abstract
Poultry farming is crucial to global food security, with particular significance in developing nations due to its affordability, efficiency, and contribution to rural livelihoods. This study evaluated morphological traits and genetic polymorphisms in the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) gene across four chicken genotypes: Normal Feather (NF), Frizzle Feather (FF), Naked Neck (NN), and Exotic (EX). A total of 100 day-old chicks were reared under controlled conditions, and growth performance traits, including body weight, height, body length, and shank length, were measured. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples, and the GHSR gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The resulting PCR products were sequenced and analyzed to identify genetic polymorphisms. The results showed that the EX genotype significantly outperformed the indigenous genotypes (NF, FF, and NN) in all growth parameters. The highest level of genetic variation was observed in the EX chickens, followed by FF, NF, and NN genotypes. The EX genotype also exhibited the highest haplotype diversity (0.946 ± 0.006), whereas the highest nucleotide diversity was recorded in NF chickens (0.131 ± 0.0001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed two distinct clusters, with all indigenous genotypes grouped within the same major cluster, while the EX genotype formed a separate cluster. The lowest genetic distance was observed between the FF and NN chickens. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GHSR gene were significantly associated with body weight, body length, and shank length, particularly in the EX genotype ( p <0.05). These findings suggest that SNP variation within the GHSR gene may serve as a useful basis for developing molecular markers to enhance growth performance, while also emphasizing the importance of maintaining genetic diversity in indigenous chicken populations.
Background:
Goat farming development begins with the availability of genetically and phenotypically superior livestock to ensure optimal productivity and reproduction.
Aim:
This study aimed to identify polymorphisms in the IGF1 gene and to evaluate their association with growth performance.
Methods:
A total of 105 goats were sampled, including 35 individuals from each of three Indonesian goat breeds: Peranakan Etawah (PE), Jawarandu, and Kacang, aged between 12 and 24 months. Growth parameters measured included body weight and morphometric characteristics. Genetic variation of the IGF1 gene was analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Morphometric data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) in R software to explore variation patterns, while associations between IGF1 gene polymorphisms and growth traits were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results:
Sequence analysis revealed significant nucleotide variations at certain positions, indicated by overlapping guanine (G) and thymine (T) chromatogram peaks, indicating a heterozygous genotype (G/T) at this locus. The IGF1 gene has diverse genotypes in all goat breeds, namely GG, GT, and TT. All genotypes were present except in the JW breed, where the TT genotype was absent. IGF1 gene diversity was significantly associated (P<0.05) with morphometric characteristics, including muzzle circumference, head length, ear length, ear width, rump length, and leg circumferenc. The GT genotype had the highest morphometric performance compared to the other genotypes.
Conclusion:
The IGF1 gene may serve as a potential candidate marker for marker-assisted selection (MAS) to improve the growth performance of Indonesian goats, although further validation is required.
Depison Depison, R. Harahap, Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto et al.· Open Veterinary Journal· 0 citations
Variability of growth-related hormones across different chicken (Gallus gallus) genotypes is
crucial for understanding their adaptive capabilities, performance potential, and suitability for
production in the humid region of Nigeria. This study investigated the diversity of growth-related hormones, specifically insulin and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), among four chicken genotypes—Normal Feather (NF), Frizzle Feather (FF), Naked Neck (NN), and ISA Brown (IB)—raised in Nigeria's humid region. A total of 120 chickens, evenly distributed across genotypes and sexes, were sampled at 24 weeks of age. Hormonal levels were analyzed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Data were analyzed using the General Linear Model and Cluster Analysis of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (Version 22), the mean difference of the different groups was determined using Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Significance level was at P
S. Oyewumi, Arazu Abdullah, A. O. Akintunde· Vidyodaya Journal of Science· 0 citations
Meat from Nigerian indigenous chickens (NICs) has high consumer demands but slow growth rate with high variability in body weight (BW). A study was carried out at T&R farm of FUNAAB identifying chromosomes associated with body weights of NICs in a GWAS study using the chicken 60K Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Panel for 53313 markers subjected to test. Body weight was taken for 8 week. Blood samples were collected from 42 purebreds and F2 upgrades of NICs to extract DNA and amplify through PCR-RFLP technique to obtain Amplicons used for sequencing. Sequenced molecular analysis involving many Molecular software packages and bioinformatics approach were were done to trim and compare the sequence. The raw phenotypic data which comprised of the sex and body weight (>2 kg as 1 (case)) and <1 kg as 0 (control)) were analyzed using Gen Abel of the R Software Package to carry out quality checks through some filtering techniques on these chickens. The results from Selective sweep analysis identified ten chromosomes and SNPs associated with BWT of the NICs F2 upgrades Nigerian Chickens resource population. However, ten chromosomes with SNPs associated with BWT at the suggestive Bonferroni significant threshold level (p < 0.05) were discovered. These findings made it clear that F2 upgrades had better trait association on chromosomes when compared to those of the Purebreds and should be included as a genetic marker in the breeding programs by breeders for genetic improvement due to the potentialities found in this NICs genotypes studied.
U. J. Ezekiel, Ekanem, Nsikan Joseph, Udo, Mfoniso Ezekiel· International Journal of Bio...· 0 citations
The article presents the results of a study on the combined genotypes of
OPN
(c.8514C/T) and
IGF-1
(512T/C) genes in a population of Holstein heifers (n=202). The experiment was conducted at the Lenin Breeding Farm (Atninsky District, Republic of Tatarstan), and laboratory analyses were carried out at the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The relevance of the study is driven by the need to identify genetic markers associated with reproductive traits in cattle, as fertility indicators alongside milk productivity determine the economic efficiency of dairy farming. The
OPN
and
IGF-1
genes are involved in the regulation of embryogenesis, implantation, folliculogenesis, and early embryonic development; however, their combined interaction remains insufficiently studied. Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP with restriction endonucleases
BseI
(for
OPN
) and
BstSNI
(for
IGF-1
). The analysis revealed the presence of all nine possible combined genotype combinations, confirming the genetic heterogeneity of the studied population. The highest frequency was observed for the combined genotype CT/AB (29.7%), while the lowest frequencies were found for CC/BB (2.0%) and CC/AA (3.0%) by
OPN
/
IGF-1
. A pattern of decreasing frequency of combined genotypes was established with an increasing number of homozygous loci. Comparison of the observed and theoretically expected distributions showed no statistically significant deviations (χ² = 4.67; p > 0.05), indicating independent allele combination of the studied genes and the absence of factors disrupting genetic equilibrium in the sample. The obtained data can be applied in breeding programs for marker-assisted selection of parental pairs, genetic passportization, and monitoring of the genetic structure of cattle populations.
N. Safina, E. Mukhanina, E. R. Gainutdinova· Legal regulation in veterina...· 0 citations
The gene TCF21, a subject of growing interest in molecular poultry genetics being an important player in cell differentiation and muscle and adipose tissue growth regulation has been recognized as an emerging regulatory gene. The study aimed to evaluate the potential use of molecular markers in selection, breeding, and improvement programs. This study included 100 samples of ROSS 308 broiler chickens, which were reared for 40 days. Field measurements were taken weekly, including body weight, body length, and chest width every two weeks. At 20 days of age, blood was collected in K3- EDTA tubes for laboratory analysis, including DNA extraction PCR and Sequencing. TCF21 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors and available evidence has suggested that it presents significant biological and molecular features. It’s thought to be involved with regulating the growth of muscle and fat tissue, and has been reported to influence body weight, growth rate, body composition and fat deposition capacity in broilers. On more recent reports, these polymorphisms were associated with several economically important traits, suggesting that TCF21 can be exploited as a molecular marker in contemporary selection programs aimed at improving productive performance and carcass quality in poultry. Combining genomic with phenotype information in genetic-improvement schemes is a big advance toward accurate and efficient commercial broiler production programs. The study aimed to focus on the TCF21 gene because it is one of the most prominent candidates directly related to the efficiency of production and profitability of poultry projects, given its role in regulating muscle formation, fat deposition, and some traits associated with feed conversion efficiency. The results showed the presence of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the TCF21 gene. Fourteen mitochondrial loci were identified, distributed across the two primaries used (seven variants each), reflecting significant genetic diversity in the studied regions. These results confirm the health of TCF21, as it can be one of the candidate combinations that contribute to the regulation of morphology and histogenesis through its effect on the differentiation of muscle and fat cells.
Mariam Kadhim Hussein, Ahmed Mahmoud Al-Nadawi· GSC Advanced Research and Re...· 0 citations
Meena, R., Kumar, S., Bhanja, S.K., Chaudhary, C. and Aruna, T.S. 2024. Association of melatonin receptors type C (MTNR1C) gene polymorphism with layer economic traits in Rhode Island Red. Indian Journal of Poultry Science, 59(3): 375–378. The aim of this study was to assess allelic polymorphism of melatonin receptors type C (MTNR1C) gene and their association with layer economic traits in RIR chicken. Jugular vein was used to collect blood samples from 120 pullets belonging to two hatches. Data were recorded on age at sexual maturity (ASM), body weight at 20 and 40 week of age (BW20 & BW40), egg weight at 28 and 40 weeks of age (EW28 & EW40) and egg production at 40 week of age (EP40). Amplified product was digested with MobI restriction enzyme i.e. reveal the polymorphic pattern. Allele frequencies were observed as 0.29 (A) and 0.71 (B) and genotypic frequencies of AA, BB and AB genotype were 0.04, 0.46 and 0.5, respectively. A significant association was found of MTNR1C-RFLP genotype with ASM (P=0.10). The overall least squares means along with standard error of ASM, EW28, EW40 and EP40 were observed as 186.37±1.67 days, 41.69±00.29g, 48.87±00.21g and 51.06±1.33g respectively. The birds with AB genotype achieved earliest age at sexual maturity (171.42±5.34 days). This study suggested that MTNR1C locus AB RFLP genotype can be used as a potential marker to enhance age at sexual maturity in RIR birds.
R. Meena, Sanjeev Kumar, S. Bhanja et al.· Indian Journal of Poultry Sc...· 0 citations
