Multispectral and Hydrogeomorphological Integration for Groundwater Potential Assessment in Bogor Regency, Indonesia

Abstract

Remote sensing-based groundwater potential assessment is generally limited to surface indicators, which often lack sufficient validation from field data. With the limitation, a comprehensive groundwater potential assessment is needed, comprising geological, hydrogeological, and regional development factors; as well as the scientific data to support development planning in disaster-prone areas such as Bogor Regency. Aims: This research aimed to develop a Multispectral Groundwater Potential Index (MGPI) to identify and interpret groundwater potential zones in Bogor Regency through the integration of multispectral and hydrogeomorphological parameters. Methodology and results: The data used were Sentinel-2 and Landsat 8/9 imagery, DEM, geological, and hydrogeological maps. The main parameters were NDVI, MNDWI, LST, slope, drainage density, lineament density, and lithology. All parameters were calibrated, then weighted using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method, and integrated into the MGPI model. The weighting results identification that rainfall was the most dominant factor (34,8%), which is influenced by geology (24,4), slope inclination (14,8%), drainage density (8,1%), and lineament density (6,5%), while multispectral parameters played a supporting role. Conclusion, significance, and Benefit of the research: Weighted overlay results classification three classes of groundwater potential zones such as low, moderate, and high. In this research, High potential zones were predominantly associated with flat to gently sloping terrain, permeable lithology, low drainage density, and high lineament density. Validation using field data showed that MGPI could capture the relationship between surface conditions and subsurface hydrogeological characteristics. Therefore, this model was considered suitable for use as a spatial method to support groundwater resource identification and regional management planning.