Aug 2026· Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety· Vol 323, pp.
120585
· 0 citations· 29 references
Medicine
TL;DR
B baseline U-Cd levels were not independently associated with new-onset diabetes in this large longitudinal Asian cohort, suggesting that chronic Cd exposure may not be a significant risk factor for diabetes in this population.
Abstract
The relationship between chronic cadmium (Cd) exposure and diabetes risk remains uncertain, as previous epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent results. This study aimed to investigate the association between urinary Cd (U-Cd) levels and new-onset diabetes in a large longitudinal Asian cohort. Using data from the Chang Gung Research Database in Taiwan, we included 9576 non-diabetic adults aged 18-65 years who had baseline U-Cd measurements between 2013 and 2020. Participants were stratified into quartiles based on U-Cd concentrations. The primary outcome was new-onset diabetes, assessed using Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographic characteristics, body mass index, smoking status, comorbidities, laboratory parameters, and diabetes-related medication use. During a median follow-up of 5.1 years, 585 participants developed diabetes. The crude incidence rates per 1000 person-years across increasing U-Cd quartiles were 9.16, 11.76, 14.97, and 13.10, showing no significant linear trend (P = 0.206). Fully adjusted hazard ratios for quartiles 2, 3, and 4 compared with quartile 1 were 0.85 (95% confidence interval: 0.65-1.11), 1.02 (0.78-1.33), and 0.80 (0.60-1.07), respectively. Restricted cubic spline analyses revealed no significant dose-response relationship across the observed U-Cd range (P = 0.639). These findings were consistent across subgroups defined by sex, age, smoking status, and individuals at high risk for developing diabetes (all P for interaction > 0.05). In conclusion, baseline U-Cd levels were not independently associated with new-onset diabetes in this large Asian cohort. These results suggest that chronic Cd exposure may not be a significant risk factor for diabetes in this population.
Previous studies have suggested an association between phthalate exposure and metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, prospective evidence remains limited. This cohort study investigated the association between phthalate exposure and MetS, its components, and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Data were drawn from the Taiwan Biobank. Eligible participants had baseline urinary phthalate metabolite measurements and no pre-existing MetS. Urinary concentrations of 10 phthalate metabolites were quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Changes in waist circumference, blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid profiles between baseline and follow-up were calculated. Incident T2DM was identified by linking participants' medical records. Multivariable linear regression, logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression models were performed. Over a mean follow-up of 4.25 years, 102 of 790 participants (12.9%) developed MetS. Each ln-unit increase in baseline MiBP was associated with greater increases in HbA1c (0.04%). The association between MiBP and increase in triglycerides and total cholesterol , and between DEHP metabolites and increased HbA1c and decreased HDL-c did not remain statistically significant after false-discovery-rate (FDR) correction. No association was observed with the MetS prevalence. Among 556 participants without pre-existing T2DM, 22 (3.96%) developed T2DM. Each ln-unit increase in baseline MnBP was associated with 1.82-fold higher risks of incident T2DM after adjustment although this association did not remain significant after FDR correction. Neither sex nor agesignificantly modify these associations. This prospective study suggested that DBP was associated with deterioration of HbA1c and lipid profiles, whereas a potential association between DBP and increased risk of T2DM requires further confirmation.
Y. Chou, P. Shan, C. Lu· Environmental Research· 0 citations
The study on DM-2 incidence does not support the previously identified associations between environmental exposures and DM-2 prevalence, and a wide range of environmental exposures were not associated with DM-2 incidence.
A. P. Smit, B. Loef, J. Klompmaker et al.· Environmental Research· 0 citations
A significant causal relationship between long-term PM exposure and elevated prevalence and mortality of T2DM is confirmed and populations susceptible to diabetes are recommended to take targeted measures to reduce air pollution exposure.
Jianming Jiao· Theoretical and Natural Scie...· 0 citations
Objective To investigate the associations of blood cadmium levels and smoking status with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and to evaluate whether magnesium intake modifies these associations in two large population-based cohorts. Design Prospective cohort study. Setting US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003–2018) and UK Biobank (UKB). Participants 35 197 adults from NHANES and 209 615 participants from UKB. Exposures Blood cadmium concentration (NHANES only), self-reported smoking status, dietary magnesium intake and magnesium supplement use. Main outcome measures The main outcomes were all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality, which were obtained through linkage to national death registries. Results NHANES documented 4412 deaths over a median follow-up of 9.3 years and UKB documented 12 633 deaths over a median follow-up of 13.4 years. In NHANES, compared with adults in the lowest quartile of blood cadmium, those in the highest quartile had higher risks of all-cause (HR (95% CI)1.62 (1.41 to 1.87)), CVD (1.54 (1.19 to 1.98)) and cancer mortality (1.53 (1.14 to 2.05)). Cadmium mediated 31.1% of the effect of smoking on all-cause mortality. High dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower mortality risks, particularly among individuals with high cadmium exposure (HR for all-cause mortality in adults with cadmium ≥median vs <median: 0.81 (0.72 to 0.90) vs 0.91 (0.79 to 1.06); p for additive interaction=0.02) or who smoked (HR for all-cause mortality in smokers vs non-smokers: 0.78 (0.69 to 0.88) vs 0.90 (0.79 to 1.02); p for additive interaction=0.003). No protective association was observed for magnesium supplements. Findings were consistent in UKB, where higher dietary magnesium intake was inversely associated with mortality among smokers. Conclusion Magnesium intake from food, but not supplements, is associated with reduced mortality risk linked to cadmium exposure and smoking. Public health strategies promoting adequate dietary magnesium intake may help mitigate toxicant-related premature mortality.
Background: Evidence on the association between objective measures of tobacco exposure and depression remains limited. This study examined the relationship between serum cotinine and depression in a nationally representative U.S. population. Methods: Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2018. Serum cotinine was analyzed as a biomarker of nicotine exposure. Depression was defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score ≥10. Weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess linear and nonlinear associations. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results: A total of 29,514 participants were included. Serum cotinine concentrations were positively associated with depression. Each one-unit increase in log-transformed cotinine was associated with higher odds of depression (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.06-1.09). Compared with the lowest tertile, participants in the highest tertile had increased odds of depression (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.45-2.04). Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a linear association between log-transformed serum cotinine concentrations and depression after excluding participants with serum cotinine concentrations at the lower limit of detection. The association remained robust after additional adjustment for smoking status (OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03-1.07) and subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Serum cotinine concentrations were positively associated with depression in a nationally representative U.S. population. These findings suggest a potential link between nicotine exposure and depression and underscore the importance of further investigating the relationship between tobacco exposure and mental health.
Bei Li, Meidi Yang, Haijing Liu· Substance Use & Misuse· 0 citations
Long-term exposure to air pollutants, particularly NO2 and PM10, is associated with an increased risk of microvascular complications among individuals with diabetes, and the observed risk appears to be persistent and may begin at relatively low exposure levels, underscoring the need for preventive strategies targeting environmental risk factors.
