Intelligent Booking Systems for Natural Resources and Urban Development: A Geospatial SLR

Abstract

Rapid urbanization and increasing pressure on natural resources demand efficient, transparent, and sustainable management systems. However, existing booking systems in government agencies often operate in silos and lack integration with geospatial data. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to identify essential components of intelligent booking systems (IBS) and research gaps in the context of Natural Resources and Urban Development with geospatial data integration. The SLR follows a three-phase protocol (Planning, Execution, Reporting). The literature was searched in IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, and ACM Digital Library for 2021–2025. From an initial pool of 40 articles, 16 were selected for in-depth analysis after eligibility and quality assessment (scoring ≥ 3 out of 5). The analysis reveals six main component categories, with Resource Management (n=12) and Booking Management (n=11) as the foundational layers, whereas Geospatial Integration was addressed in only 4 of the 16 studies. Critically, no existing system integrates Sentinel satellite data (Sentinel-1/2), and no optimisation model combines Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) with GIS for this specific domain. This SLR provides a comprehensive component framework and systematically maps four key research gaps, laying a foundation for developing geospatially-integrated intelligent booking systems for smarter natural resource and urban facility allocation.