Jul 2026· Ijtimoiy-gumanitar sohada ilmiy-innovatsion tadqiqotlar· Vol 3, pp. 105-109· 0 citations
Abstract
The translation of fantasy literature presents a number of linguistic and cultural challenges due to the representation of culture-specific elements, author-created names, mythological references, and stylistically colored language units. The object of this paper is a classic work of fantasy fiction, J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings provides extensive material for investigating translation strategies and transformations. The study focuses on that the translator’s style to use lexical and grammatical transformations in translation of The Lord of the Rings considering functional equivalence. For analyzing corresponding elements of the source and target texts, comparative, descriptive, and contextual methods are applied. Transcription, transliteration, calque, modulation, concretization, generalization, transposition, and grammatical substitution are among the most frequently employed transformations. Through these transformations, the translator preserves semantic, stylistic, and cultural aspects of the original text, ensuring a high degree of functional equivalence. The study confirms that translation transformations function as essential tools for reproducing the communicative and aesthetic impact of fantasy narratives in the target language.
The article examines the peculiarities of translating English psychological terminology into Ukrainian and identifies the most effective translation methods used to ensure semantic accuracy and communicative adequacy. The relevance of the study is determined by the growing popularity of psychological literature and the need for a consistent rendering of specialized terminology in Ukrainian. The research aims to analyze the main translation techniques applied to English psychological terms and to determine their frequency and effectiveness. The corpus of the study comprised 128 terms selected from English-language professional psychology texts and their Ukrainian translations. The findings indicate that the most frequently employed techniques are variant equivalent selection (33%), calque translation (25%), and dictionary equivalents (21%). Less common methods include concretization, generalization, contextual substitution, semantic development, descriptive translation, part-of-speech substitution, and transcoding. The study demonstrates that the choice of translation method depends on a term's semantic characteristics, its degree of standardization in the target language, and its use context.
N. Tymoshchuk, U. Shostak· Scientific Journal of Poloni...· 0 citations
This study demonstrates that the primary challenge in translating Indonesian literary works into Arabic lies in the cultural elements embedded in metaphors, proverbs, and local expressions. Employing a qualitative textual analysis of Hamka’s Di Bawah Lindungan Kaʿbah, the research reveals that differences in worldview between Indonesian and Arab societies influence lexical choices and stylistic expressions, making literal translation insufficient. The findings highlight the necessity for translators to grasp the cultural context of the source text to ensure comprehensive meaning transfer. The study contributes to translation studies by formulating strategies that integrate semantic and stylistic approaches, including transliteration with explanatory notes, functional equivalence in the target culture, and the preservation of social metaphors. These strategies prove effective in maintaining cultural authenticity while ensuring readability for Arabic audiences. Overall, the research reinforces the view that literary translation is an act of intercultural mediation, synthesizing linguistic, semantic, and cultural dimensions to preserve meaning, aesthetic nuance, and cultural resonance in the target language.
This pilot study examines how the English adverb actually is rendered in Slovak translation, drawing on a corpus of literary texts and their translations. As a multifunctional item, actually performs a range of syntactic and pragmatic functions in context, most notably those of emphasizer and disjunct. The analysis draws on three Slovak translations of works by the same English-speaking author. Although each translator worked on a different set of books, the corpus still makes it possible to compare translation strategies within a relatively consistent authorial style and to observe how individual translators deal with the same multifunctional source item. The study combines qualitative functional analysis with quantitative observations in order to identify recurrent Slovak renderings of actually, including lexical substitution, structural reformulation, attenuation, and omission. The findings suggest that translation difficulty arises not from the lack of Slovak expressive resources, but from differences between English and Slovak in the grammatical encoding of discourse-related meaning. In particular, functions expressed in English through sentence adverbials do not always correspond to a single formal category in Slovak, which increases the likelihood of functional shift or translation loss. The study contributes to translation studies and contrastive linguistics by showing how the pragmatic contribution of a frequent multifunctional item may be preserved, reinterpreted, weakened, or omitted in translation, and how these outcomes vary across translators.
Zuzana Knižková· Studies About Languages· 0 citations
Domestication and foreignization are two common strategies for translators to deal with cultural differences. Based on Berman’s translation ethics and twelve deformations, this paper takes Bai Juyi’s the Everlasting Regret (selected sentences) as the object of study, adopts close reading and comparative analysis, and selects the English versions of Xu Yuanchong, Xu Zhongjie and W. J. B. Fletcher for comparative analysis, focusing on the different degrees of domestication and foreignization in the aspects of word choice, syntax, rhetorical organization, cultural transmission and so on, as well as the effects caused by these differences. The study found that in the English translation of classical Chinese poetry, in addition to the necessary domestication adjustment, the translator should retain the cultural background and aesthetic logic of the original poem as much as possible, so that the translation can achieve the purpose of conveying the cultural nature of this special literary genre. Therefore, in the English translation, foreignization enjoys ethical priority.
Chenfan Wang· English Language Teaching an...· 0 citations
Literary translation involves more than linguistic conversion; it also entails the reconstruction and re-encoding of cultural meanings. From the perspective of cultural translation theory, this study takes Liu Cixin’s original Chinese novel The Three-Body Problem and its Spanish translation El problema de los tres cuerpos by Javier Altayó as the objects of analysis. Drawing on Nida’s framework of cultural classification, culturally embedded elements in the source text are grouped into five categories: ecological, material, social, religious-philosophical, and linguistic. Through a comparative reading of the Chinese and Spanish versions, the paper examines the translator’s shifting strategies among foreignization, domestication, and cultural negotiation. The analysis suggests that the translation does not rely on a single or fixed strategy. When dealing with culture-specific elements that carry strong historical or regional specificity, the translator is more likely to preserve foreignness through transliteration, literal translation, or brief explanatory additions. In contrast, for expressions that may hinder comprehension or lead to cultural misinterpretation, freer rendering, generalization, or contextual adjustment tend to be adopted in order to reduce the cognitive burden on target readers. Overall, the Spanish translation of The Three-Body Problem reveals a flexible negotiation process, in which cultural difference is retained to varying degrees while comprehension is facilitated and narrative flow is maintained. This case offers a useful reference for the Spanish dissemination of Chinese science fiction and more broadly for the cross-cultural transmission of heterogenous cultural elements.
Yueyang Zhang· Journal of Language, Culture...· 0 citations
. The article deals with such translation universal as explicitation and its use in prose translation. The investigation of translation universals was caused by the research of linguistic universals in the twentieth century. The fundamentals of the theory of translation universals were laid out by such scientists as Gedeon Toury, Mona Baker, Sara Laviosa and more recently by Andrew Chesterman. Translation universals are defined as linguistic phenomena that typically charactеrize translations rather than original texts, and do not emerge in the translated text as the result of interference between the different language systems. The majority of scholars single out such translation universals: 1. lexical simplification; 2. explicitation; 3. adaptation; 4. equalizing. Besides, some scientists include interference suggested by G. Toury. One of the major universals, explicitation, is characterized as a translation technique for making implicit information of the source text explicit and clear to the reader of the target text. Explicitation should be distinguished from specification and explication as it is a wider term. Our investigation included the analysis of this technique in 10 short stories of the flash fiction and microfiction types and two novels of the contemporary writers Gary Braver and Nicholas Sparks. On the basis of the above definition, we suggest the division of this technique into two types: explicitation in rendering implicit allusions and explicitation in translating different means of stylistic device of foregrounding, in particular extended metaphor. Rendering implicit allusions requires certain redundancy in the target text : inserting explication of proper names and/or using footnotes. Translating the means of foregrounding, especially stylistic convergence and extended metaphor, is a more complex and challenging
