Reliability- and Sustainability-Oriented Demand-Side Management in the Presence of Electric Vehicle Load and Distributed Generation

Abstract

The increasing complexity of modern power distribution systems, through rising demand, integration of distributed generation, and the scaling of electric vehicles, requires improved demand-side management strategies for effective and reliable operation. This study presents a DSM framework that integrates EV load coordination, DG placement, and load shifting techniques to achieve both economic and reliability improvements in distribution networks. The proposed approach is implemented on the IEEE 33-bus and Cairo 59-bus networks to capture practical operating conditions with higher loading and multiple laterals. The methodology is used to reschedule commercial loads while prioritizing cost minimization and maintaining system constraints. EV load charging demand and DG units are optimally allocated to support voltage stability and reduce power losses. Reliability performance was evaluated using the Customer Total Average Interruption Duration Index, using interruption frequency and duration. The results show that the integrated DSM approach significantly reduces operational cost, peak demand, and energy losses while enhancing system operational cost and reliability. The coordinated interaction between EVs, DGs, and flexible loads proves effective in maintaining a balance between economic efficiency and reliable power delivery. This work highlights the potential of broad sustainability-oriented DSM strategies in supporting the transition toward smarter and more sustainable distribution systems. This ensures that electricity is available to all the consumers at all times just by tweaking the usage pattern of the commercial consumers slightly. This will ensure lesser power losses in the system and better utilization of the available energy thereby creating a sustainable power distribution for the connected consumers. This work aligns with SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities).