Solar-PV-Powered Two-Quadrant DC--DC Converter for Bidirectional Battery Energy Management System

Abstract

The intermittent output of solar photovoltaic (PV) sources requires an efficient power-electronic interface to coordinate energy exchange with battery storage while maintaining regulated DC-side operation. This paper presents the design and MATLAB/Simulink evaluation of a non-isolated, two-quadrant bidirectional buck--boost converter for solar-PV-powered battery energy management. The converter operates in buck mode to transfer energy from the PV-fed DC bus to the battery and in boost mode to return stored energy from the battery to the load when solar generation is unavailable. The power stage, operating principles, duty-ratio relations, and passive-component design considerations are described for both modes. Converter performance is assessed using battery state of charge (SoC), current, and voltage responses. The simulated results exhibit a smooth increase in SoC and a well-settled charging current in buck operation, whereas boost operation produces a monotonic SoC reduction, appropriately directed discharge current, and stable voltage response after the initial transient. These findings verify the intended bidirectional power-flow sequence under the investigated simulation conditions and establish a basis for experimental implementation, mode-transition testing, and the subsequent integration of adaptive energy-management and maximum-power-point-tracking strategies.