Secure and Verifiable IoT Healthcare Data Integrity Verification Using Blockchain and IPFS with Role-Based Access Control

Abstract

Healthcare providers have started using Internet of Things (IoT) devices to monitor patients continuously but these devices bring major security problems which include protecting data and maintaining data integrity and controlling who can access information. The research paper presents a secure decentralized IoT-based healthcare data management system which utilizes Polygon blockchain technology together with InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) for its operations. The system generates structured JSON records which contain IoT sensor data for temperature and heart rate and blood pressure and SpO2 measurements. The system uses SHA-256 cryptographic hashing to protect the records which get stored on IPFS. The system stores Content Identifiers (CIDs) and hashes on the Polygon blockchain through smart contracts which create permanent records that enable people to verify data without any risk of alteration. The system uses a patient-centric Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) mechanism which enables patients to manage their med-ical record access through Ethereum-compatible wallets while physicians can only view authorized information. The system achieves significant savings in transaction expenses by processing off-chain storage together with on-chain verification which still upholds data transparency and integrity. The Polygon Amoy testnet experimental evaluation shows that the system achieves high accuracy in detecting tampering while maintaining low costs and fast verification times. The proposed framework provides a scalable and secure solution for real-world IoT healthcare applications which ensures data integrity together with auditability and patient-controlled access