Spiritual Well-Being as the Primary Predictor of Academic Resilience among Guidance and Counseling Students
Abstract
Academic resilience is a key psychological resource that enables students to persist and succeed despite academic adversity. This study examined the contribution of spiritual well-being, gratitude, peer support, and family support to academic resilience among guidance and counseling (GC) students in Indonesia, and specifically tested the simultaneous contribution of the four predictors as well as the partial contribution of each predictor to academic resilience. A quantitative correlational-predictive design was employed. Participants were 461 GC students recruited through purposive sampling from 21 universities in several regions of Indonesia. Data were collected using five validated Likert-type scales measuring academic resilience, spiritual well-being, gratitude, peer support, and family support; the instruments adapted from English were prepared through a forward-backward translation procedure and all scales met acceptable validity and reliability criteria. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression (enter method) accompanied by classical assumption tests, including multicollinearity diagnostics. Simultaneously, the four predictors contributed significantly to academic resilience. Partially, spiritual well-being was the strongest predictor, followed by peer support and family support, both of which also contributed significantly. Gratitude did not contribute uniquely, although it correlated significantly with academic resilience at the bivariate level; this pattern is attributable to its shared variance with spiritual well-being. These findings suggest that strengthening spiritual well-being should be a primary focus in efforts to foster academic resilience among GC students, complemented by peer and family support. Practically, the findings support the development of spiritually based and meaning-centered counseling, peer mentoring programmes, and family involvement within student development services in higher education