Decoding Structural and Electronic Properties of a Histidine-derived compound through Experimental and DFT Approaches

Abstract

(E)-N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-2-(1H-imidazol-4-yl)et hanamine (HA) has been synthesized and characterized using spectral studies including UV-Visible, FT-IR and NMR spectra. The optimized structure of HA is computationally constructed and theoretically studied using Gaussian 03 with the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method. This utilized the B3LYP functional with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Vibrational frequencies are analyzed using potential energy distribution (PED%) calculations through the vibrational energy distribution analysis (VEDA3 ) program. Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are examined based on calculated values of dipole moment (µ), polarizability (α) and first hyperpolarizability (β_tot). The polar sites of the molecules were identified using molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surfaces, while orbital overlap was determined through the HOMO-LUMO analysis. We analysed the stabilisation energy of donor-acceptor interactions between the orbital using NBO calculation. Additionally, the electron affinity, electronegativity, chemical potential, hardness and softness of the compounds were characterized via frontier molecular orbital (FMO) studies. In the in silico evaluation, physicochemical parameters and drug-likeness were predicted using Swiss-ADME and pre-ADME web tools.