Rendimiento y calidad de fibra en genotipos de algodón convencional en dos ambientes de México

Abstract

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the world's most profitable non-food crop, however, this crop faces profitability problems due to several abiotic and biotic factors. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the agronomic performance, yield, and fiber quality of eight cotton genotypes and two commercial controls. The research was conducted in 2023 at INIFAP in Matamoros, Coahuila (La Laguna region), and Delicias, Chihuahua. Planting took place on April 4th in Matamoros and May 9th in Delicias. Both experiments used a randomized complete block design with three replications. Eleven variables related to agronomic performance, yield, and fiber quality were recorded. A combined genotype × location analysis of variance, and Tukey's test were used for statistical analysis in SAS. The analysis detected statistically significant differences between the genotypes for all traits. For each environment, a wide diversity in agronomic characteristics, yield, and fiber quality was observed. Cian Precoz and GOS-27 can be used in the La Laguna region due to their yield and fiber quality. Meanwhile, in Delicias, the Cian Precoz, Cian-95, GOS-27, FZ-13, and TOA-09 genotypes had yields and fiber quality very similar to the commercial controls (Deltapine® and Fibermax-989®). These materials showed good genetic potential that could be used within a breeding program for this area.