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Barnamala: Parameter-Efficient Handwritten Devanagari Recognition at Benchmark Saturation

Jul 2026 · arXiv.org · Vol abs/2607.13689 · 0 citations · 18 references
Computer Science

TL;DR

A compact convolutional network for 46-class DHCD Devanagari recognition and reached 99.73%, the highest reported at 15.6x smaller than prior state-of-the-art, effectively reaching the saturation point.

Abstract

We built a compact convolutional network (1.11 M parameters) for 46-class DHCD Devanagari recognition and reached 99.73%, the highest reported at 15.6x smaller than prior state-of-the-art. We have effectively reached the saturation point: every model tested, large teacher ensembles included, hits the same 11-error intrinsic floor. No configuration achieves a statistically clear win under exact McNemar tests with Wilson confidence intervals. Even without knowledge distillation, our student matches the nearest large-model baseline (17.32 M parameters; McNemar $p = 0.345$). Outside of DHCD, zero-shot on CMATERdb digits gives 76.6% and fine-tuning reaches 97.8%; corruption robustness is also far better than large baselines (mean corruption accuracy 75.7% vs. 38.7%). All artifacts are at https://github.com/Ampixa/barnamala.

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