Bioactive metabolites of Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey and their mechanistic roles in cancer suppression

Abstract

Launaea taraxacifolia (Willd.) Amin ex C. Jeffrey is a traditionally recognized medicinal plant with reported anticancer potential; however, it remains largely underutilized and is often regarded as a wild or neglected species. This review presents a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of existing evidence on the anticancer properties of L. taraxacifolia. Relevant literature was systematically retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar and African Journals Online using targeted and structured search terms, and publications published from 2005 to date were considered for inclusion in the review. The accumulated evidence indicates that L. taraxacifolia exhibits significant biological activities in experimental models that are relevant to cancer-related processes, including inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis), and modulation of critical molecular pathways implicated in tumor initiation and progression. In addition, the species demonstrates notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and DNA-protective effects, which further support its relevance in cancer prevention and therapy. Phytochemical investigations reveal a diverse range of bioactive constituents such as saponins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids believed to underpin its therapeutic effects. Evidence from studies involving isolated compounds, alongside available toxicity assessments, further reinforces the medicinal relevance and safety profile of the species. This narrative review highlights Launaea taraxacifolia as promising anticancer potential through the modulation of key cancer-related pathways. However, further phytochemical, mechanistic, preclinical, and clinical studies are needed to validate its potential for cancer prevention and management. Not applicable.