Design and Performance Analysis of Metamaterial Loaded House-Shaped Microstrip Antenna with OLR Superstrate for 3.5 GHz 5G Applications

Abstract

A 3.5 GHz microstrip patch antenna is developed in this study with a metamaterial-based enhancement of sub-6 GHz 5G communication. The suggested design uses Rogers Reinforced Teflon /duroid 5880, having a relative electric permittivity of 2.2 and a dissipation factor of 0.0009, with a house-shaped copper patch as the radiating element. A metamaterial superstrate consisting of 15 Open-Loop Resonator (OLR) cells in a 3 × 5 arrangement is positioned above the patch to modify the electromagnetic behavior of the antenna. A coaxial-probe is used for excitation, and the complete structure is modeled and analyzed using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) in ANSYS. The antenna characteristics are evaluated in terms of S11, VSWR, bandwidth, gain, directivity, radiation efficiency, and far field patterns. Three antenna configurations are investigated to determine the individual influence of the superstrate and OLR loading. The final configuration demonstrates improved impedance and radiation characteristics relative to the basic antenna, indicating its suitability for 3.5 GHz sub-6 GHz 5G applications.