Radiation Pattern Reconfiguration of a Patch Antenna with Metasurface for enhanced Gain and Bandwidth in 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

Abstract

This paper presents the design of a rectangular patch antenna intended for 5G applications. Initially, the antenna was modelled on a Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate. Following optimisation of the structure's dimensions, the simulation results showed good performance at a frequency of 26 GHz. At this frequency, the antenna exhibits a reflection coefficient of - 43.7 dB, a bandwidth of 0.8 GHz and a maximum gain of 8 dBi. To improve the antenna's performance, split-ring resonators (SRRs) were added to the model. Analysis of this modified structure shows an increase in bandwidth, which reaches 2 GHz. The maximum gain also increases to 12.8 dBi. PIN diodes were then incorporated into the design to control the radiation pattern. The use of these components allows the system to be reconfigured and the main lobe to be directed towards different angles. By switching the diodes between ON and OFF, the electrical properties of the metasurface are altered. This change affects the impedance and the surface current paths of the structure. Consequently, the radiated beam is redirected towards the desired directions. All stages of modelling and numerical simulation were carried out using CST Studio Suite 2022 software.