Methacrylated Gelatin and Graphene Oxide Hybrid Hydrogels Composed‐Bioinks for 3D Tissue Engineering
TL;DR
Recent advancements in GelMA‐ and GO‐based bioinks for 3D bioprinting are discussed as newly developed scaffolds for applications in cardiac, bone, and neuronal tissue engineering.
Abstract
Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting is a promising technology that has emerged to recreate 3D models for tissue engineering due to its precise control and ability to distribute cells homogeneously across a complex structure. It uses bioinks made of hydrogels, such as methacrylated gelatin (GelMA), which serve as the base material for bioprinted tissues, offering versatility and biocompatibility. However, additional components that enhance functionality and increase the mechanical stability of the hydrogels are commonly needed, as an approach to replicating tissues capable of withstanding specific forces or pressures. One key component is graphene oxide (GO), a nanocomposite that can increase the stiffness of the bioprinted material by improving shear properties and providing features, such as electrical conductivity, which are essential for, e.g., cardiac and neuronal tissues. This review discusses recent advancements in GelMA‐ and GO‐based bioinks for 3D bioprinting as newly developed scaffolds for applications in cardiac, bone, and neuronal tissue engineering.