Development of an Automated IoT-based System for Monitoring and Control of Electrical Energy Consumption

Abstract

The article addresses the problem of monitoring and control of electrical energy consumption using Internet of Things technologies. A conceptual architecture of an automated system integrating electrical parameter measurement devices, microcontroller-based control, wireless communication technologies, cloud services, and remote load management mechanisms is proposed. Existing energy monitoring solutions are analyzed, and their major limitations related to insufficient integration of automatic control functions, high deployment costs, and dependence on proprietary platforms are identified. The general system architecture and automation structure are developed based on a closed-loop control system with negative feedback. The residential electrical network is considered as the controlled object, while active power consumption is selected as the controlled variable. A measurement subsystem based on the HLW8032 energy metering integrated circuit is proposed for real-time acquisition of voltage, current, power, and energy consumption parameters. Algorithms for data acquisition, transmission, processing, and automated load disconnection under overload conditions are developed. The proposed approach can be applied to the development of intelligent energy management systems for residential and small-scale commercial applications. Experimental validation and performance evaluation of the developed system are considered as subjects of future research.