Development of Sustainable Bioplastics Using the Cellulose Extracted From Coconut Shell Powder for Food Packaging

Abstract

The growing environmental concerns associated with petroleum‐based plastics have accelerated the search for sustainable, biodegradable substitutes derived from renewable materials. While many research efforts have focused on biodegradable plastics derived from starch‐rich food sources such as potato, corn, and rice, the use of agricultural byproducts as a cellulose source has not been thoroughly explored. Hence, this research delves into the creation of biodegradable bioplastic films using cellulose derived from discarded coconut shell powder, a by‐product rich in lignocellulose with considerable value. Bioplastic films were produced by solution casting, with cellulose mixed with gelatin, glycerol, citric acid, and distilled water in varying ratios. The films were extensively assessed for their physical, mechanical, thermal, surface, morphological, and biodegradation properties. The highest tensile strength attained was 8.22 ± 0.10 MPa, and the maximum bursting strength was 0.19 ± 0.01 MPa. The films also exhibited favorable thickness properties, improved biodegradability, and better water contact angles, suggesting their suitability for packaging applications. Morphological and thermal examinations additionally verified the structural soundness and steadiness of the produced films. The innovation in this research centers on the use of discarded coconut shell powder as an eco‐friendly cellulose source for the manufacture of biodegradable packaging films. By converting abundant agricultural waste into value‐added bioplastic materials, this study supports waste reduction, resource conservation, and the development of eco‐conscious alternatives to traditional plastic packaging.